植物根系分泌物的生态效应研究

Study on the ecological effects of plant root exudates

根系分泌物作为植物-土壤-微生物界面物质和能量交换以及信息传递的重要媒介,是构成植物根际区微生态特征的关键因素,也是植物响应外界环境胁迫的途径之一,其在调控植物适应微生境、缓解根际养分竞争、塑造根际微生物群落结构和影响土壤元素生物地球化学循环过程方面发挥着重要作用。尽管仍有大量的根系分泌物有待表征,但研究方法和技术的提升使得许多根系分泌物的功能得以阐明。为深入了解植物根系分泌物的生态效应,总结了国内外该领域的主要前沿动态,综述根系分泌物的概念、组成和功能及研究方法,以及其对植物生长、土壤微生物特性和土壤有机碳库的影响,并探讨了研究中存在的主要问题与不足,在此基础上展望了未来根系分泌物的研究方向,以期为后续的研究提供参考。

As an important medium for material and energy exchange and information transmission at the plant-soil-microbe interface,root exudates are the key factor that constitutes the microecological characteristics of the plant rhizosphere zone,and one of the ways for plants to respond to external environmental stress.It plays an important role in regulating plant adaptation to microhabitat,alleviating nutrient competition in the rhizosphere,shaping the structure of rhizosphere microbial community and affecting the biogeochemical cycle of soil elements.Although there is still a large amount of root exudates to be characterized,advances in research methods and techniques have enabled the elucidation of the functions of many root exudates.In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the ecological effects of plant root exudates,this paper summarizes the main frontiers in this field at home and abroad,and reviews the concept,composition,function and research methods of root exudates,as well as their effects on plant growth,soil microbial characteristics and soil.The influence of the organic carbon pool was discussed,and the main problems and deficiencies in the research were discussed.On this basis,the research direction of root exudates in the future was prospected,in order to provide a reference for the follow-up research.