孙吴大司马职官考

Textual Research of Dasima Placed by the Kingdom of Wu

三国时,魏、蜀、吴俱置大司马,孙吴有时分置左、右大司马。孙吴大司马皆为军区都督,若只立一位则为都督旧都所在州滨江军镇之任,若权分左右,则荆、扬各驻一人,且任者在就任前都在该州有着丰富的军事经验。大司马位虽在同样掌武事的上大将军、大将军之上,但总体而言历任大司马可掌握的实际权力却不及上大将军、大将军,仅为彰显皇帝对重臣的优宠。其时置时阙,都督军区仅长江沿岸某段。大司马极少兼荆、扬州牧,更不可兼丞相,故难以涉及政事,甚至常受上大将军、大将军节。

During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Wei, Shu and Wu all had the Dasima office;sometimes Wu even set up Left Dasima and Right Dasima. In Wu, Dasimas were Commander-in-chiefs in area commands. In the case of only one Dasima, it would be the Commander-in-chief in the command by Yangtze River in the prefecture where Wu’s capital was;if there were both Left and Right Dasimas, they were stationed in Jing Prefecture and Yang Prefecture separately, each having had rich military experience in its designated prefecture before taking office. Dasima might rank above Shangdajiangjun and Dajiangjun who were also in charge of military affairs, but overall, successive Dasimas had less power in their hands than them, Just to show the emperor’s preferential treatment and favor for important ministers.The office existed sometimes, and not, other times, with its command limited to a certain stretch of land along Yangtze River. Dasima seldom held at the same time the office of Zhoumu of Jing or Yang Prefecture, let alone Chengxiang, thus it was rarely involved in political affairs and would often be checked by Shangdajiangjun and Dajiangjun. It was in effect just one of the military service prestige titles.