崇德报功,以励来兹:全面抗战时期云南省忠烈祠的筹建

Praising Integrity and Meritorious Deeds to Encourage Future Heroes:Construction of Martyrs’ Shrines in Yunnan during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

忠烈祠是国民政府为祭祀在战争中为国家英勇献身的军民的神圣空间。全面抗战期间,为树立崇德报功的社会氛围、纪念抗战殉难军民、达到“慰死励生”的目的,以及动员人民支持抗战,云南省各级政府在省内逐步设立忠烈祠。在战事频仍、物价飞涨、经费困窘的现实条件下,忠烈祠的建设工作举步维艰,但最终云南人民还是顶住压力,全省忠烈祠覆盖超过七成,远高于全国平均水平。在建祠方式上,多采用改建或利用地方上原有的祠庙,鲜有重新筹建;在经费来源上,基本上由云南省各级政府出资或民间募集,但花费较小,可以接受。虽然遭遇困难,但总体来看战时云南省忠烈祠的筹建还是较为顺利的,基本完成了“普设忠烈祠”的目标,既符合激扬民族精神的要求,也没有过分损害民众利益。

The Martyrs’ Shrine is a sacred shrine built by the National Government of the Republic of China as a tribute to the soldiers and civilians who died bravely for the country during the war.During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,in order to praise integrity and meritorious deeds,memorize soldiers and civilians that died in the war and mobilize the people to support the war,Yunnan government began to build Martyrs’ Shrines within the province.However,at a time of war,rising price and low income,the construction of Martyrs’ Shrines faced severe obstacles.But people in Yunnan still managed to overcome the difficulties and have Martyrs’ Shrines built in over 70% of the cities and towns in the province,significantly higher than the country average.In terms of the construction methods,most of them were converted from the then existing local shrines and temples,and few were newly built.In terms of funding,they were mainly funded by the Yunnan Government or private capital,but the cost was small and acceptable.Despite the difficulties encountered,the construction of the Martyrs’ Shrines in Yunnan Province in wartime was generally smooth and reached the goal of “universally establishing Martyrs’ Shrines”,which met the requirements of promoting the national spirit without unduly harming the interests of the people.