大数据应用于德育评价的伦理风险:表征形态与防范策略

The Ethical Risks of Big Data Applied in Moral Education Evaluation:Representation Form,and Prevention Strategy

技术的在场和赋能是现代教育评价的题中应有之义,但技术的盲目使用和过度介入会诱发多重伦理风险。大数据技术在增强德育评价科学性、专业性和客观性的同时,也会滋生伦理风险:过往数据干扰教师整体判断力,数据依赖消磨教师主观能动性;数据挖掘侵犯学生隐私权利,精准预测亵渎学生自由意志;工具价值僭越评价本体价值,多源异构混杂评价正面导向。造成上述伦理风险的主要诱因包括:大数据固有特征和强大功能的负效应;德育评价数据承载着更高的伦理属性;评价主体的评价素养和数据素养不高;外部管理规范和道德原则相对滞后。为此,学校急需构建德育数据使用的伦理原则,合理把握德育数据的应用限度,提高德育评价主体的数据素养,完善德育数据安全的保障体系。

The presence and empowerment of technology is the meaning of modern education evaluation,but the blind use and excessive intervention of technology will induce multiple ethical risks.While making moral education evaluation more scientific,professional and objective,big data will also breed ethical risks:past data disturbs teacher’s overall judgment and data dependence erodes teacher’s subjective initiative;data mining infringes student’s privacy rights and accurate prediction violates student’s free will;the tool value oversteps the ontology value and the multiple source disorders the positive orientation of evaluation.The main causes of the above ethical risks include:the negative effects of the inherent characteristics and powerful functions of big data;moral education evaluation data carries higher ethical attributes;the evaluation literacy and data literacy of the evaluation subjects are not high;the relative lag of external management norms and ethical principles.Therefore,it is urgent for schools to construct ethical principles for the use of moral education data,reasonably grasp the application limits of moral education data,improve the data literacy of moral education evaluation subjects,and perfect the guarantee system of moral education data security.