索伦镇降水变化特征对小麦种植的影响及防灾减灾措施

Influence of Precipitation Variation Characteristics on Wheat Planting and Disaster Prevention and Reduction Measures in Suolun Town

选取1981年-2021年内蒙古索伦镇降水观测资料,采用常规的线性趋势法对索伦镇降水变化特征展开分析,并阐述了降水变化对小麦种植的影响及防灾减灾措施。结果显示:索伦县7月-9月降水比较集中,这段时间的降水为小麦种植地块提供了很好的底墒。1981年-2021年索伦镇降水量、大雨日数均呈增加变化趋势,能够为小麦生长提供更多的水分条件。但是在小麦生长过程需水关键时期一旦碰到干旱少雨的天气则应尽快浇灌适量水分,才会使索伦镇小麦良好生长。在小麦生育期内索伦镇干旱出现概率比较高,其会大大影响到小麦品质以及产量。小麦收获期间索伦县若遭遇极端降水天气,会给小麦的品质和产量造成不良影响。针对干旱、强降水灾害性天气,索伦镇应该积极构建规范的完善的小麦种植气象监测预警服务平台,加强气象灾害防灾减灾体系建设,并且积极开展小麦种植的精细化气象服务。

Based on the precipitation observation data from 1981 to 2021 in Suolun Town, Inner Mongolia, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the precipitation change in Suolun Town by using the conventional linear trend method, and expounds the impact of the precipitation change on wheat planting and disaster prevention and reduction measures. The results show that the precipitation from July to September in Suolun Town is relatively concentrated, and the precipitation during this period provides a good soil moisture for the wheat planting plot. From 1981 to 2021, the precipitation and the number of heavy rain days in Suolun Town showed an increasing trend, which could provide more water conditions for wheat growth. However, in the critical period of water demand during wheat growth, once the weather is dry and rainy, appropriate amount of water should be irrigated as soon as possible, so as to make the wheat in Suolun Town grow well. The probability of drought in Suolun Town is relatively high during the wheat growth period, which will greatly affect the formation of wheat quality and yield. If Suolun Town encounters extreme precipitation during wheat harvest, it will have a negative impact on the quality and yield of wheat. In view of the disastrous weather of drought and heavy precipitation, Suolun Town should actively build a standardized and perfect meteorological monitoring and early warning service platform for wheat planting, strengthen the construction of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation system, and actively carry out refined meteorological services for wheat planting.