《中国药典》2020年版唇足纲和蛛形纲药用动物养殖研究进展

Research Progress on Breeding of Medicinal Chilopoda and Arachnida Animals in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition)

统计《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》) 2020年版动物药的中成药品种,汇总唇足纲和蛛形纲药用动物在中成药中的占比,对其生活习性,养殖方式,繁殖要点,饲养管理,病、敌害防治措施等进行系统的综述。对唇足纲药用动物蜈蚣和蛛形纲药用动物蝎的收载情况进行归纳总结,重点对其养殖现状进行分析。《中国药典》 2020年版收载的中成药品种中,含有动物药的品种共504种,占比为31.36%;含有唇足纲药用动物的有20种,占比为1.24%;含有蛛形纲药用动物的有34种,占比为2.12%。根据养殖规模不同,总结了蜈蚣的6种养殖方式和蝎的10种养殖方式,对养殖技术的关键点进行了分析。《中国药典》 2020年版中唇足纲药用动物蜈蚣和蛛形纲药用动物蝎目前在我国养殖产业中均处于扩养阶段,大力发展人工养殖、加强药用动物野生资源的保护对今后养殖产业可持续发展具有重要意义。

The varieties of Chinese patent medicines composing of animals in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020edition) was summarized, and the proportions of medicinal Chilopoda and Arachnida animals in Chinese patent medicines and their living habits, breeding methods, reproduction points, feeding management, disease and pest prevention and control measures were systematically reviewed. The collection of medicinal Chilopoda animal(Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch) and medicinal Arachnida animal(Buthus martensii Karsch) was concluded, with emphasis on the analysis of the current situation of their breeding. A total of 504 varieties of Chinese patent medicines composing of animals in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) were found, accounting for 31.36%, and there were 20 species of medicinal Chilopoda animals(1.24%) and 34 species of medicinal Arachnida animals(2.12%). According to the different breeding scales, this article summarizes 6 breeding methods of centipede and 10 of whole scorpion, and analyzes the key points of the breeding technology. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia, S. subspinipes mutilans and B. martensii were currently in the expansion stage of the breeding industry in China. We should vigorously develop artificial breeding, and strengthen the protection of wild resources of medicinal animals, which is of great significance for sustainable development of future breeding industry.