《中国药典》2020年版哺乳纲药用动物养殖研究进展

Research Progress in Mammalian Medicinal Animal Breeding in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

统计《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》) 2020年版哺乳纲动物药的收载情况,以及比较近年来文献报道收载的哺乳纲药用动物的养殖状况,对收载动物的地理分布与栖息环境,生活习性与活动规律,养殖技术中养殖方法与设施、饲养饵料、疾病防治进行分类对比论述。《中国药典》 2020年版正文与附录中共收载哺乳纲药用动物6目9科18种。哺乳纲药用动物人工养殖方式一般为圈养、笼养、半散放式饲养等。评估《中国药典》 2020年版所载哺乳纲药用动物养殖程度,马麝、原麝、赛加羚羊为试养,刺猬为初养,林麝为扩养,驴、黑熊为成熟。另外评估了历版《中国药典》取消的哺乳纲药用动物穿山甲、豹猫的养殖程度为试养。对哺乳纲药用动物的养殖研究可为其可持续发展提供保证和基础。

The mammalian drugs listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) and the breeding status of mammalian medicinal animals included in recent literature reports were summarized. The geographical distribution and habitat environment, living habits and activities of the animals, and the breeding methods and facilities, feeding bait, and disease prevention and control in the breeding technology were classified and compared. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020edition) contains 18 species of mammalian medicinal animals in 6 orders of 9 families in the text and appendix. In terms of artificial breeding modes, mammalian medicinal animals were generally fed in pens and cages, or in a semi-wild way. As revealed by the evaluation of the breeding degree of mammalian medicinal animals Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),Moschus chrysogaster, M. moschiferus, and Saiga tatarica were on trial breeding;hedgehog was on primary breeding;M.berezovskii was on expanded breeding;donkey and black bear were on mature breeding. In addition, Manis pentadactyla and Prionailurus bengalensis, the mammalian medicinal animals excluded from various editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were on trial breeding. The breeding research on mammalian medicinal animals can provide a basis for their sustainable development.