苍术炮制的现代研究进展

Research Progress on Processing of Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)

苍术的炮制始于唐代,其方法多种多样,古籍中记载有净制、切制、焙制、炒制、蒸制、单一辅料制、两种辅料制、三种及以上辅料制等几十种炮制方法,其目的在于降燥增效。系统查阅了《中华人民共和国药典》、地方炮制规范及现代研究文献,对苍术的现代炮制方法进行梳理总结。此外,对现代常用炮制品的工艺、成分、药效差异、炮制机理等方面进行分析并找出其内在联系。最后,对目前所存在的问题进行归纳:苍术的古代炮制方法有近百种,但沿存至今者不超过10种;现代炮制工艺参数不统一;对水溶性成分的研究有待加深;对其药理及炮制机理的研究不够全面。认为苍术炮制工艺的研究应考虑南北苍术的基原差异及环境因素,以求大同而存小异;对于尚有争议的药理作用应结合化学成分进行试验探索,从而深入研究其的炮制机理,以期为临床应用提供科学依据。

The processing of Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma) started in Tang Dynasty and the methods are various.There are dozens of processing methods recorded in ancient books,such as cleaning,cutting,baking,frying,steaming,single auxiliary materials,two auxiliary materials,three or more auxiliary materials,etc.The purpose is to reduce dryness and increase efficiency.This article systematically reviewed the national pharmacopoeia,local processing standards and modern research literature,and summarized the modern processing methods of Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma).In addition,the process,composition,difference in efficacy and processing mechanism of modern processed products were analyzed and their internal relations were found out.Finally,the existing problems were summarized.There were nearly 100 kinds of ancient processing methods of Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),but there were no more than 10 kinds of them that have survived until now.Modern processing parameters were not uniform.The research on water-soluble components needed to be deepened.The research on its pharmacology and processing mechanism was not comprehensive enough.The author thinks that the study of processing technology of Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma) should consider the differences of Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma) in the northern southern areas and the environmental factors in order to achieve common similarities with minor differences.The controversial pharmacological effects should be tested and explored in combination with chemical components,so as to further study its processing mechanism,in order to provide scientific basis for clinical application.