中古中国的生产模式转型与国家治理形态变迁——以冶铁业为中心的考察

The Transformation of Production Mode and the Change of Form of Governance in Medieval China:An Investigation Focusing on the Iron Industry

本文以两汉到魏晋南北朝时期的冶铁业为中心,结合现代产业理论,突出冶铁业发展的过程性,总结生产模式转型的特点,分析生产模式转型对国家治理形态变迁的影响。古代中国冶铁业选择了生铁冶铸的技术路径,在成熟发达的生铁冶铸技术基础上,于东汉晚期到魏晋南北朝时期进入以锻造制钢为主的生产模式。这一转型在中央政策、冶铁生产组织和基层个体与社会共同体行为三个层面引起国家治理形态分散化、地方化变迁。

This article focuses on the iron industry in the period from Han,Wei Jin to the Southern and Northern dynasties.Borrowing from modern industrial theories,this article highlights the process of the development of iron industry,summarizes the characteristics of the transformation of production mode,and analyzes the impact of the production mode transformation on the change of form of state governance.The iron industry of ancient China chose the technological path of pig iron smelting and casting,and entered the production mode of steel forging from late East Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern dynasties,based on the highly developed pig iron industry.This transformation has led to decentralization and localization of state governance at the three levels:the policy making of central government,the organization of iron production,and the behaviors of grass-roots individuals and social communities.