全球国际航空网络结构的复杂性及其社团特征

On the structural complexity and community characteristics of global international aviation network

运用复杂网络理论分析全球国际航空网络的结构复杂性,以Newman快速算法对网络中的城市进行社团识别和划分,并结合社团结构理论深入分析其内部结构特性。研究发现:全球国际航空网络的度和度分布空间差异明显,平均路径长度较短且聚类系数较大,紧密中心度绝对差距和相对差距较小,中介中心度分布函数呈幂函数形态。网络中的城市被划分为18个社团,规模差异大,地理位置相邻近的城市更容易形成同一社团,但也有部分城市表现出远距离相互作用。各大洲的社团边界清晰且种类分明,唯独欧洲的社团边界模糊且种类过多。结果表明:全球国际航空网络具有“无标度网络”和“小世界网络”特征,网络由少量高度值城市主导,网络聚集性较强且全局效率高。少部分城市承担了主要中介功能,大部分城市几乎没有中介能力。网络的社团规模存在显著异质性,分布具有明显的地理集群特征,但地理位置邻近的城市航空联系未必紧密。大规模社团内部连通性更好,小规模社团内部网络密度更大。各大洲的国际航空市场结构稳定,而欧洲尚未形成稳定的航空联系。

The complex network theory is used to analyze the structural complexity of the global international aviation network,and the internal structural characteristics of the global international aviation network are analyzed with the community structure theory by using the Newman fast algorithm to identify and divide cities in the network.The results show that the degree and the distribution of the global international aviation network have spatial differences;the average path length is short and the clustering coefficient is large;the absolute and relative gaps of tight centrality are small;the intermediate centrality distribution function is a power function.Cities in the network are divided into 18 communities with great scale differences.Cities with close geographical locations are more likely to form the same community,but some cities also show long-distance interaction.The boundaries of communities on all continents are distinct,while many boundaries are fuzzy and various inside Europe.It indicates that the global international aviation network has the characteristics of"scale-free network"and"small-world network",and the network is dominated by a small number of high degree value cities,with strong aggregation and high global efficiency.A few cities assume the main intermediary function,and most cities have almost no transit capacity.There is significant heterogeneity in the scale of community networks,and the distribution of community networks has obvious characteristics of geographical clusters,but the geographical proximity of cities may not be closely connected.Large groups have better internal connectivity,while small groups have higher internal network density.The international aviation market structure on all continents is stable,while Europe has not yet formed a stable aviation connection.