从摆脱绝对贫困走向农民农村共同富裕

From Escaping from Absolute Poverty to Common Prosperity of Rural Households in Rural Areas

2020年,中国历史性地消除了绝对贫困,进入了扎实推进共同富裕的新历史阶段。促进共同富裕,最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。本文认为:巩固脱贫成果、防止规模性返贫是实现农民农村共同富裕的底线要求,促进低收入农户收入更快增长是实现农民农村共同富裕的核心任务。据此,本文提出,脱贫攻坚期内针对原建档立卡贫困户的帮扶政策体系在5年过渡期内应遵循“双渐并重、动态调整”的原则,合理把握调整节奏和力度,以守住不发生规模性返贫的底线。针对农村低收入农户相对贫困程度不断加深的现状,政府应构建“一底线三支柱”政策体系,即精准性监测和帮扶体系、包容性经济增长政策、益贫性公共服务政策和可持续性社会帮扶政策,以促进低收入农户收入更快增长,走向农民农村共同富裕。与此同时,应着力处理好公平与效率、物质富裕与精神富裕、乡村振兴与共同富裕的关系。

In 2020, China has historically eliminated absolute poverty and entered a new historical stage of solidly promoting common prosperity. The most arduous and formidable tasks in advancing common prosperity still lie in rural areas. This article argues that consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and preventing large-scale return to poverty are the bottom-line requirements for realizing common prosperity of rural households in rural areas. In the meantime, promoting the rapid growth of the income of low-income groups in rural areas is the core task for realizing common prosperity of rural households in rural areas. Based on this,this study proposes that during the period of poverty alleviation, the assistance policy system for the original registered poor households should follow the principle of “double gradual and dynamic adjustment” during the transition period, and reasonably grasp the pace and intensity of adjustment, so as to maintain the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale. In view of the current situation of the deepening relative poverty level of rural low-income farmers, the government should build a “one bottom-line and three-pillars” policy system, which includes targeting monitoring and assistance system, inclusive economic growth, pro-poor public services, and sustainable social assistance to alleviate relative poverty and promote common prosperity of rural households in rural areas. At the same time, the government should focus on handling the relationship between fairness and efficiency, material wealth and spiritual wealth, rural revitalization and common prosperity.