天气和气候条件对大气PM_(2.5)和臭氧污染形成过程的影响

Influence of weather and climate conditions on the formation of atmospheric PM_(2.5) and ozone pollution

在大气污染过程中,化学物质排放是内因,气象条件是外因,影响着污染物的传输扩散、化学转化、干湿沉降等过程。综述了中国近几年关于天气和气候条件对PM_(2.5)和臭氧污染形成过程影响的研究进展和相关领域未来研究的重点。结果发现,目前关于天气和气候条件影响PM_(2.5)的研究较为系统,能识别气候因子、区域环流、局地静稳天气的配置关系,但对天气和气候影响臭氧污染的研究还较少。

Air pollution in China is characterized by high concentrations of PM_(2.5) and ozone. With the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control issued by the State Council in 2013, concentrations of PM_(2.5) have been decreasing but those of ozone show increasing trends. Concentrations of PM_(2.5) and ozone are still far higher than the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization. For the formation of air pollutants, while emissions are the fundamental causes, meteorological conditions are the external drivers that affect transport, chemical reactions, dry and wet deposition of air pollutants. A systematic understanding of the impacts of weather and climate on air pollutants is essential for prevention of severe pollution events and for long-term air quality planning. This paper summarizes China’s recent research progress on the roles of weather and climate in the formation of PM_(2.5) and ozone. Currently, substantial progress has been made with respect to the impacts of weather and climate on PM_(2.5), especially the connections between climate factors, regional circulation patterns, and the local stagnant conditions for high PM_(2.5) levels. However, less attention has been paid to the impacts of weather and climate on ozone. The research priorities in this field are highlighted in the conclusion section.