4周加压抗阻训练对男子公路自行车运动员下肢肌肉力量和冲刺能力的影响

Effect of 4 weeks KAATSU resistance training on lower limb muscle strength and sprint ability of male road cyclists

目的:分析4周加压抗阻训练对男子公路自行车运动员下肢肌肉力量和冲刺能力的影响。方法:以12名男子公路自行车运动员为研究对象,随机分为2组,每组6人,进行为期4周、每周2次的训练干预,分别进行半蹲、硬拉、臀冲、卧蹬和跳箱训练,加压组在进行深蹲训练时采用40%1RM负荷加压抗阻训练,对照组采用75%1RM负荷传统抗阻训练,在训练干预前后分别进行等速肌力、半蹲1RM、15s冲刺测试。结果:(1)训练后两组运动员在角速度为60°/s时,左右两侧髋关节、膝关节屈曲和伸展峰值力矩均有不同程度的提升,加压组训练后右髋伸展、左髋伸展、左髋屈曲、右膝伸展、左膝伸展以及对照组左、右膝伸展峰值力矩均较训练前呈显著性增长(P<0.05);训练后两组运动员在角速度为240°/s时,左右两侧髋关节、膝关节屈曲、伸展峰值力矩均有不同程度的增长,加压组训练后右髋伸展、左髋伸展、右膝伸展和左膝伸展峰值力矩均较训练前有显著性增长(P<0.05)。(2)训练后两组运动员半蹲1RM均有一定的增长,加压组增加幅度大于对照组,且加压组较训练前呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)加压组峰值功率、平均功率、相对峰值功率、相对平均功率均较训练前有所增长,且峰值功率较训练前具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:4周加压抗阻训练可明显改善公路自行车运动员髋关节和膝关节的最大伸展力量和下肢伸肌群的爆发力,其训练效果优于传统大负荷抗阻训练;4周加压抗阻训练在增强公路自行车运动员爆发力素质和骑行冲刺能力方面比传统大负荷抗阻训练效果更好,对运动员无氧耐力水平也有较好的促进作用。

Objective:to analyze the influence of 4 weeks KAATSU resistance training on lower limb muscle strength and sprint ability of male road cyclists.Methods:12 male road cyclists were randomly divided into two groups,with 6 people in each group.The training intervention lasted for 4 weeks and twice a week.They were trained in half squatting,hard pulling,hip punching,lying pedaling and box jumping respectively.The compression group was trained with 40%1RM load compression resistance training during squatting training,and the control group was trained with 75%1RM load traditional resistance training.Isokinetic muscle strength,half squat 1RM and 15s sprint were tested before and after the training intervention.Results:(1)When the angular velocity of the two groups was 60°/s,the peak torque of hip and knee flexion and extension on the left and right sides increased in varying degrees.The peak torque of right hip extension,left hip extension,left hip flexion,right knee extension,left knee extension in the compression group and left and right knee extension in the control group increased significantly(P<0.05);After training,when the angular velocity of the two groups was 240°/s,the peak torque of hip and knee flexion and extension on both sides increased in varying degrees.After training,the peak torque of right hip extension,left hip extension,right knee extension and left knee extension in the compression group were significantly higher than that before training(P<0.05).(2)The half squat 1RM of the athletes in the two groups increased to a certain extent,and the increase in the compression group was greater than that in the control group,and there was a significant difference between the compression group and that before training(P<0.05).(3)The peak power,mean power,relative peak power and relative mean power of the compression group increased compared with those before training,and the peak power was significantly different from those before training(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)4 weeks KAATSU resistance training can significantly improve the maximum extension strength of hip and knee joints and the explosive strength of lower limb extensors of road cyclists,and its training effect is better than the traditional high load resistance training;(2)4 weeks KAATSU resistance training has a better effect than the traditional high load resistance training in enhancing the explosive quality and riding sprint ability of road cyclists,and also has a better role in promoting the level of anaerobic endurance.