中国古代演唱理论研究内容之梳理

A Review of The Research Contents of Ancient Chinese Singing Theory

中国传统演唱理论涵盖范围较广:乐论、唱论、曲论、剧论中有关演唱的探讨都属其研究内容。上古时期记载演唱理论的著述往往强调音乐的功能,并认为多与政通。唐、宋以降民间音乐得到极大发展,演唱理论也以音乐的娱乐性为重。宋、金、元时民间音乐繁盛,元初燕南芝庵《唱论》被视为中国古代第一部唱论专著,开启系统化研究演唱理论之先河。明、清声腔艺术兴盛,曲家纷纷著书立说,提出自己的音乐主张。中国古代演唱理论涵盖对音乐史论之研究,对声律、谱字、声节等音乐要素之研究,对声韵、格律、曲情等文辞呈现之研究,对声音之本、五音四呼、气、演唱口法等演唱技法之研究以及对音乐审美之研究等,体现了中国传统演唱理论独有的架构体系及理论特点。

Chinese traditional singing theory covers a wide range: music theory, singing theory, song theory, drama theory about singing. The writings on singing theory in ancient times often emphasized the function of music and thought it was related to politics.In Tang and Song dynasties, folk music was greatly developed, and the theory of singing focused on the entertainment of music. Folk music flourished in Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the Song Theory by Yannanzhian was regarded as the first monograph on singing theory in ancient China, which opened the way for systematic research on singing theory. In Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of vocal style flourished, and composers wrote books and put forward their own musical ideas. The ancient Chinese theory of singing covers different aspects: music elements, such as music history, melody, texts, sentences and phrases,etc;literature study, such as rhymes, poetry, song feeling content,etc;singing techniques, such as the foundation of the sound, singing method and breathing,etc;and research of music aesthetics, all kinds of research embodies the Chinese traditional singing the architecture of the system and the theoretical characteristics.