3D打印碳基微电池的技术、材料与应用进展

Three-dimensional printed carbon-based microbatteries:progress on technologies,materials and applications

可充电微型电池可以为下一代可穿戴便携设备提供储能装置。增材制造也称为三维(3D)打印技术,具有构建复杂3D构型的能力,为制备尺寸可调、形状一致性好、兼具高能量密度和高功率密度的微电池提供了新的机遇。与其他多孔金属电极材料相比,轻质炭材料具有比表面积大、导电性好、化学稳定性高等优点。近年来,基于碳基墨水的3D打印技术已被用于制备多种类型的可充电微电池。为了对碳基微电池的电化学性能进行优化,并充分发挥其潜力,亟需对3D打印技术、材料设计以及应用方向进行梳理,从而深入理解3D打印电池方法的设计优化策略。本文首先介绍了4种主要3D打印技术的最新进展,阐述了导电炭材料在解决3D打印微电池挑战中的研究方法,总结了其在一系列储能设备和可穿戴电子设备集成中的应用。最后,进一步讨论了3D打印技术制造碳基微电池面临的关键科学问题和未来的发展方向。

Next-generation wearable and portable devices require rechargeable microbatteries to provide energy storage.Three-dimensional(3D)printing,with its ability to build geometrically complex 3D structures,enables the manufacture of microbatteries of different sizes and shapes,and with high energy and power densities.Lightweight carbon materials have a great advantage over oth-er porous metals as electrode materials for rechargeable batteries,because of their large specific surface area,superior electrical con-ductivity and high chemical stability.In recent years,a variety of rechargeable microbatteries of different types have been success-fully printed using carbon-based inks.To optimize their electrochemical performance and extend their potential applications,it is im-portant to analyze the design principles with respect to the 3D printing technique,printable carbon materials and promising applica-tions.This paper provides a perspective on recent progress in the four major 3D printing techniques,elaborates on conductive carbon materials in addressing the challenging issues of 3D printed microbatteries,and summarizes their applications in a number of energy storage devices that integrate with wearable electronics.Current challenges and future opportunities for carbon-based microbattery fabrication by 3D printing techniques are discussed.