台阶溢洪道无因次消能水头规律与水面线计算

Dimensionless Energy Dissipation Head Law and Water Surface Profile Calculation of Stepped Spillway

台阶式溢洪道消能水头是重要的水力参数,直接反映了台阶式溢洪道的消能情况。对台阶式溢洪道的消能水头及影响因素进行因次分析,引入相对临界水深、相对位置。通过对5组不同坡度,3个台阶高度,3个单宽流量共45个组合工况下的台阶式溢洪道进行模型试验研究,探讨无因次消能水头与相对临界水深、相对位置、坡度的关系。结果表明:无因次消能水头与相对位置呈现良好的线性关系;直线斜率与坡度呈线性递增关系,与相对临界水深无关。依据这些规律计算台阶式溢洪道沿程水面线,为台阶式溢洪道复杂水力特性计算提供了新方法。

The energy dissipation head of stepped spillway is an important hydraulic parameter which directly reflects the energy dissipation of stepped spillway.The energy dissipation head and influencing factors of stepped spillway are analyzed in dimension,and the relative critical water depth and relative position are introduced.Through the experimental study of 45 combined working conditions of stepped spillway under 5 groups of different slopes,3 step heights and 3 single width discharges,the relationship between dimensionless energy dissipation head and relative critical water depth,relative position and slope is discussed.The results show that there is a good linear relationship between dimensionless energy dissipation head and relative position,and the slope of the straight line increases linearly with the slope and is independent of the relative critical water depth.According to these laws,the water surface line along the stepped spillway is calculated,which provides a new method for calculating the complex hydraulic characteristics of stepped spillway.