大型工程建设前后周边地区生态质量遥感评估——以北京大兴国际机场为例

Remote Sensing Assessment of Ecological Quality in the Surrounding Area Before and After the Construction of Large-scale Project—A Case Study of Beijing Daxing International Airport,China

机场建设会对区域生态质量产生影响,科学准确地评估机场及周边地区的生态质量对于区域发展具有重要意义。以北京大兴国际机场及周边5 km范围为研究区,选取2013年(机场建设前)、2017年(机场建设中)、2019年(机场建成后)共3期Landsat-8遥感影像数据,定量分析不同时期的土地覆盖类型、热环境及生态质量,探讨遥感生态指数(RSEI)在大型工程建设前后周边地区生态质量评估中的适用性以及生态质量变化主要驱动因素。结果表明:①2013~2019年,研究区植被显著减少,不透水面显著增多;②研究区城市热岛比例指数相对较低,2013~2019年城市热岛比例指数整体提升229.46%;③2013~2019年的遥感生态指数整体下降27.83%,这是因为研究区不透水面、裸土面积上升了15.2%,而植被面积下降了15.19%。总体而言,机场建设导致土地覆盖类型变化剧烈,热岛效应显著升高,生态质量显著下降,验证了遥感生态指数在大型工程建设生态质量评估中的可行性。

The airport construction inevitably affects the regional ecological quality.A scientific and accurate assessment of the ecological quality of airport and the surrounding area is of great significance for the regional development.Taking Beijing Daxing international airport and its surrounding 5 km buffer zone as the research area,the Landsat-8 remote sensing image data of three phases in 2013(before construction),2017(in construction)and 2019(after completion)were collected to quantitatively analyze the land cover,thermal environment and ecological quality at different times.The applicability of remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)in ecological quality assessment of the surrounding areas before and after the construction of large-scale projects and the main driving factors of ecological quality changes were discussed.The results show that the vegetation in the research area decreases significantly,while the impervious surface increases remarkably from 2013 to 2019;the urban-heat-island ratio index(URI)in the research area is relatively low,and URI increases by 229.46%from 2013 to 2019;the RSEI decreases 27.83%from 2013 to 2019,because the acreage of impervious surface and bare land inceases by 15.2%,and the acreage of vegetation decreases by 15.19%.Overall,the airport construction leads to a dramatic change in land cover types,a significant increase in urban heat island effect and a significant decline in the ecological quality,which verifies the feasibility of RSEI in the ecological quality assessment of the construction of large-scale project.