中美科技博弈变局下的中国视角

The Chinese Perspective on the Changing Landscape of the Sino-US Technology Game

梳理20年来PCT专利跨国所有权数据,发现我国呈现出专利申请数量大、核心占比低、进步快速、“偏科”严重等特征,与主要科技大国的差距仍然较大。数字技术的快速发展引致的军民两用技术边界模糊进而导致的国家安全边界模糊,给全球科技治理带来更加严峻的挑战。当前,中美科技博弈不断加剧,使平行体系出现的可能性上升;未来两国科技博弈将进入全政府—全社会模式;两国围绕新科技的国际规则和话语权之争将更为激烈。为此,需要统筹好高质量发展与高水平安全的关系,不断扩大“朋友圈”,推进和塑造国际层面的科技合作进程;积极塑造竞争与合作并存的中美科技关系;处理好自主创新与国际科技合作的关系,积极参与全球科技治理。

A review of the data on cross-border ownership of PCT patents over the past 20 years shows that China is characterised by a large number of patent applications,a low core share,rapid progress and serious“bias”,and the gap with major science and technology powers is still wide.The rapid development of digital technology has led to the blurring of the boundaries of dual-use technology and thus national security,posing a more serious challenge to global science and technology governance.In the future,the science and technology game between the two countries will enter a government-wide and society-wide mode,and the battle between the two countries over international rules and discourse around new technologies will become more intense.To this end,it is necessary to co-ordinate the relationship between high-quality development and high-level security,continuously expand the circle of friends,and promote and shape the process of science and technology cooperation at the international level;actively shape a Sino-US science and technology relationship in which competition and cooperation co-exist;handle the relationship between independent innovation and international science and technology cooperation,and actively participate in global science and technology governance.