周代“诗乐”操演与身体规训

Practices and Body Discipline of“The Book of Songs”in Zhou Dynasty

周人制礼作乐,赋予“诗乐”显著的时代特征。这种特征主要表现在,“诗乐”在仪式中以奏诗、歌诗等动态的“操演”形式存在。更为关键的是,“诗乐”操演常常与仪式的“出”“入”“升”“降”“揖”“拜”等身体行为相应合,其目的在于通过对身体的规训,以使参与人的行为达到合乎礼、合乎德的要求。“诗乐”操演和“身体规训”是周代仪式音乐的鲜明特征,具有明确的社会指向性。周代“诗乐”操演活动、“诗乐”操演相应的身体行为,以及“诗乐”操演对身体行为的规训,构成了通过仪式“诗乐”来讨论“诗乐”操演与身体规训的关系,以及周代“音乐”基本属性与社会价值的主要内容。

Zhou people created rites and music,which attributed a remarkable particularity of the times to“The Book of Songs”.Such particularity was reflected in the fact that“The Book of Songs”existed in the form of dynamic“practices”such as playing poetry and singing poetry in the rites.More importantly,the practices in“The Book of Songs”usually coincided with the physical behaviors of the rites,such as“leaving”,“entering”,“ascending”,“descending”,“bowing”and“worshiping”,so as to achieve the discipline of the body,making the behaviors conform to the requirements of etiquette and morality.It can be seen that the“practices”and“body discipline”of“The Book of Songs”are a major feature of the ritual music in Zhou Dynasty and have a clear social orientation.The exploration of the relationship between the practices in“The Book of Songs”and the physical discipline through the rites in“The Book of Songs”,as well as the basic attribute and social value of“music”in Zhou Dynasty mainly consists of discussions about the practices of“The Book of Songs”in Zhou Dynasty,the physical behaviors corresponding with the practices of“The Book of Songs”and the discipline of“The Book of Songs”practices on physical behaviors.