数字服务出口竞争力及其影响因素研究——来自G20国家的经验证据

Research on export competitiveness of digital service and its influencing factors——empirical evidence from the G20 countries

数字服务贸易已成为国际贸易和世界经济恢复和增长的重要引擎。基于联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)数据库2008—2020年G20国家的跨国面板数据,首先分析了数字服务出口及其国际竞争力。研究发现:数字服务出口贸易蓬勃发展,但存在发展不平衡问题;以欧盟、美国为代表的发达国家占据绝对主导地位,国际竞争力极强;以中国、印度为代表的发展中国家在电信、计算机和信息服务部门具有比较优势,数字服务出口竞争力不断提升,追赶趋势明显。进一步,基于波特国际竞争优势理论对数字服务出口竞争力的影响因素进行实证研究。结果表明:总体而言,服务业人力资本、经济发展水平、对外直接投资、互联网发展和服务贸易对外开放度对数字服务出口竞争力具有提升效应,外商直接投资则具有抑制效应;分经济发展水平看,互联网发展对发展中国家数字服务出口竞争力具有不显著的微弱抑制作用;分数字服务部门来看,5个维度影响因素对数字服务出口竞争力的影响存在部门异质性。

Digital service trade has become an important engine for international trade and the recovery and growth of the world economy. Based on the transnational panel data of the G20 countries from 2008 to 2020 in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD) database, this paper first analyzes the export of digital service and its international competitiveness. The study found that the export trade of digital service is booming, but there is a problem of unbalanced development;the developed countries represented by the European Union and the United States occupy an absolutely dominant position and have strong international competitiveness;the developing countries represented by China and India have comparative advantages in the telecommunications, computer and information service sectors, and the export competitiveness of digital service has been continuously improved, with an obvious catch-up trend. Furthermore, based on Porter’s international competitive advantage theory, this paper carries out an empirical study on the influencing factors of the export competitiveness of digital service. The results show that in general, human capital in the service industry, economic development level, outward foreign direct investment, Internet development and the openness of service trade have an positive effect on the competitiveness of digital service exports, while foreign direct investment has a restraining effect;according to the level of economic development, the development of Internet has a weak inhibitory effect on the export competitiveness of digital services of developing countries;in terms of digital service sectors, there is sector heterogeneity in the impact of the five dimensions of influencing factors on the export competitiveness of digital service.