新中国粮食价格政策演进内在逻辑与改革战略取向研究

Research on the internal logic of the evolution of grain price policy and the strategic orientation of reform in New China

新中国成立以来,中国粮食价格政策经历了自由价格政策、统购统销价格政策、双轨制粮食价格政策及最低收购价保护下的全面放开政策等几个阶段。粮食价格政策演进呈现出与当时国家总体战略相匹配、通过政策体系边际改进、逐步提升市场在价格形成中的决定性作用等内在逻辑脉络,但也出现了政策滞后性和宏观调控效果欠佳等问题。面对国外粮价波动影响加剧和民众粮食消费水平升级的形势,应努力提高中国粮食生产水平、稳妥推进国内国际市场融合、完善国内粮食价格应急体系、完善国内粮食市场体系建设、区分粮食品种完善粮价支持政策,稳妥有序地推进中国粮食价格政策改革。

Since the founding of New China in 1949, China’s grain price policy has gone through several stages,such as free market price policy, state monopoly for purchasing and marketing price policy, double-track price policy and policy of price floor on grain after the opening of the grain market. The evolution of grain price policy showed an internal logic of matching with the overall national strategy at that time, marginal improvement of the policy system, and gradually improving the decisive role of the market in price formation. However, there were also problems such as policy lags and poor macro-control effect. In the face of the intensifying impact of foreign grain price fluctuations and the upgrading of people’s grain consumption, we should strive to improve China’s grain production, steadily promote the integration of domestic and international markets, develop the domestic grain price emergency system, strengthen the construction of the domestic grain market system, distinguish grain and food varieties, improve grain price support policies, and steadily and orderly promote the reform of China’s grain price policy.