市政尾水中环境雌激素对水生态健康的影响

Effect of Environmental Estrogens in the Effluent of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants on Water Ecological Health

市政尾水含有多种已知及未知生态健康风险污染物,排放到环境后可能对受纳水体生态系统健康产生威胁,特别是尾水中环境雌激素(EEs)因会干扰生物体生殖、免疫及神经系统而备受关注。此外,EEs可在生物体内蓄积,影响生物种群组成,进而对水生态健康造成潜在威胁。从市政尾水中EEs的种类、浓度水平、对受纳水体中水生生物的危害以及其在受纳水环境中迁移转化的规律等角度,综述了近年来市政尾水中EEs对受纳水体水质影响的研究进展,指出了现有研究的不足,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。结果表明:市政尾水中EEs浓度在ng/L级别,对受纳水体中水生生物健康存在内分泌干扰等效应;同时对水生生态系统结构和功能产生不利影响。受纳水体中EEs的迁移转化规律受到水文水质条件变化、光降解及生物降解等因素的影响,但是目前针对EEs在受纳水体中的生物毒性时空变化规律及其影响因素的相关研究较少。该研究结果可为开展市政尾水对受纳水体的生态健康风险评价提供参考。

Tailwater of municipal wastewater treatment plants contains a variety of known and unknown hazardous chemicals,which may threaten the ecosystem in the receiving water.In particular,the environmental estrogens(EEs) in the tailwater have attracted much attention because they can interfere with reproduction,immunity,and nervous system of organisms.In addition,EEs can accumulate in organisms and affect the composition of biological populations,thus posing potential threats to water ecological health.In this paper,the recent research progresses in terms of types,concentrations,hazards to aquatic organisms,migration,and transformation of EEs are reviewed.The paper also points out the shortcoming of the existing research and looks forward to the future research direction.The concentrations of EEs in tailwater are at the ng/L level,which have endocrine-disrupting effects on the aquatic organisms in the receiving water,and adversely affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystem.The migration and transformation of EEs in the receiving water are related to the changes in hydrological and water quality conditions,photodegradation,and biodegradation.However,there are few studies on the spatial and temporal variation rules and influencing factors of biological toxicities of EEs in the receiving water.The study can provide reference for the ecological risk assessment of municipal tailwater’s effect on receiving water bodies.