从弘法到违戒:金代僧人日常生活的多重面相

Multiple Aspects of Monks’Daily Life from“Dharma Propagation”to“Discipline Violation”in Jin Dynasty

日常生活是佛教史的重要研究视角。金代僧人作为佛教的虔诚信仰者,学习和传扬佛法是他们日常生活的核心内容,具体涵盖坐禅诵经、游方问学、农耕生产、从事公益等多个侧面。金代僧人在专心弘法的同时,也会发生违制的现象,一些寺院通过制定丛林规约以遏制和处罚违制者。弘法利生和触犯戒律并存的现象,真实反映了金代僧人日常生活的复杂性和多面性。

Daily life serves an important perspective in the research of Buddhist history.As devout believers in Buddhism,monks regarded learning and spreading Buddhism as the core content of their daily life in Jin Dynasty.To be more precisely,these activities included studying Buddhism in meditation and chanting,searching for teachers and learning as a gyrovague,engaging in farming production,as well as planting in order to engage in public welfare activities and other aspects.While with the concentration on spreading the Dharma,occasionally,some monks violated the national laws and Buddhist precepts.Some monasteries formulated jungle regulations to regulate the behavior of monks and nuns and regulate the internal relations of monasteries,trying to combine the self-discipline of regulations with the mandatory law to curb the phenomenon of violation of discipline.The coexistence of propagating dharma for the benefit of life and violating the discipline truly reflects the complexity and versatility character of monks’daily life in the Jin Dynasty.