城市电动公交车辆运营管理:综述与展望

Urban electric bus operation management:Review and outlook

随着公交车辆电动化进程的加快,中国电动公交车保有量迅速增加,已经成为中国城市规模最大的公交车型。科学的电动公交车辆运营管理对于降低公交系统碳排放以及公交企业运营成本具有重要意义。本文介绍了中国和主要西方国家的电动公交车辆发展历程,总结了当前实际运营管理存在的问题;给出了电动公交车辆运营管理的框架体系,从运行能耗估计、车辆调度、节能驾驶、系统资源配置以及效益评价等5个方面对当前的研究成果进行了概述,并对最新的运营管理技术与方法进行了梳理;系统总结了当前研究面临的问题与挑战,从电动公交系统线网规划、基于实际数据的电池寿命估计、智能化排班技术、引入新型供电与充电模式等4个方面对未来的发展趋势进行分析。

With the accelerating electrification of public transit systems,the number of electric buses(EBs)in China has increased substantially.The operation management of EBs is of great significance for reducing the carbon emissions of the public transit system.Herein,we firstly introduce the development history of EBs in China and Western countries,and summarize the existing issues in the EB operation management in practice.Then a framework of EB operation management is proposed,and current studies are summarized from the perspectives of energy consumption estimation,vehicle scheduling,energy-efficient driving,resource allocation and benefit evaluation.We point out the techniques and methods down the road on EB operation management.Final y,the challenges are systematically summarized.We conclude that the future works that need to be focused on include:electric bus network planning,battery life estimation based on actual data,intelligent scheduling,and adoption of new power supply and charging modes.