准入与例外——高等教育外商投资负面清单制度及体系完善

Admission and Exception:the Perfaction of Negative List System for Foreign Investment in Higher Education

随着外商投资准入逐步由经济扩大至文化教育领域,高等教育外资准入法律规制体系亟待完善和健全,由负面清单制度探讨高等教育准入必要且可行。文章通过分析国内当前三个版本的负面清单中教育行业特别管理措施的具体内容,揭示了三者在高等教育准入方面均坚持中外合作办学方式并由中方主导的共性特征,以及三者在法律基础、定位与准入程度和适用范围方面的差异,进而又比较分析了自由贸易试验区版与自由贸易港版负面清单中高等教育准入例外规则。以外资负面清单制度逐步扩大高等教育对外开放,可进一步促进国内高等教育领域的“放管服”改革。最后,文章提出以开放立法理念修订旧法、出台专门规制国际高等教育服务贸易新法以及构建紧密衔接且协调有序的法律体系,以健全高等教育准入法律制度。

With the gradual expansion of the field of foreign investment access from economy to culture and education,the legal regulation system of foreign investment access in higher education needs to be improved.It is necessary and feasible to explore the higher education access from the negative list system.By analyzing the specific contents of the special management measures for the education industry in China’s current three versions of the negative list,this paper reveals the common characteristics that the three versions of the negative list adhere to the mode of sino foreign cooperation in running schools and are dominated by China in terms of higher education access,as well as the differences between the three in legal basis,positioning,admission degree and scope of application,Then it compares and analyzes the higher education access exception rules in the negative lists of the free trade zone version and the Hainan free trade port version.Gradually expanding the opening of higher education to the outside world with the negative list system of foreign capital can further promote the reform of"decentralization,management and service"in the field of higher education in China.It is suggested to revise the old law with the concept of open legislation,introduce a new law specifically regulating international higher education service trade,and build a closely connected,coordinated and orderly legal system to improve the legal system of higher education access.