日伪对华北粮食统制研究(1933—1945)

A Study on the Japanese Puppet Regime's Grain Control over North China(1933—1945)

粮食是重要的战备物资,日本自局部进犯华北至战败,对华北粮食的统制经历了“日满华经济提携”指导下的农粮调查、“增棉保粮”政策下的粮食开发及贸易统制、“重点开发”及封锁掠粮、服务“决战体制”下的行政收买及武装掠粮四个阶段。粮食统制的变化与日本战略扩张及维持沦陷区治安密切相关,本质是维持华北沦陷区的“兵站基地”作用。日伪对粮食进行殖民性开发、劫掠式收购、差别式配给,掠夺强度不断加深,一定程度上满足了日本“以战养战”的目的。但囿于华北农情实况和各界抗争现实,日伪主观统制意图与客观经济规律难以调和,粮食统制最终走向失败结局。

Grain is an important war readiness material. From the partial invasion of North China to its defeat, Japan's control of grain in North China went through four stages, namely, the grain survey under the guidance of “the economic cooperation among Japan, China and the Manchuria”, grain development plus trade control under the policy of “Increasing Cotton and Guaranteeing Grain”, “key development” with food plundering, and the administrative purchase with armed looting to serve the “system of the decisive battle”. The change of grain control was closely related to Japan's strategic expansion and maintenance of public security in the enemy-occupied areas, and the essence was to maintain the role of a “military depot base” in the occupied areas of North China. The Japanese puppet regime carried out colonial development, plundering purchases and differential allotment, with the gradually deepened intensity of plundering, which to a certain extent met the Japan's purpose of “supporting war with war”. However, due to the reality of the agricultural situation in North China and the resistance from all walks of life, it was hard to reconcile Japan's subjective intention of control with the objective economic law, and its grain control eventually failed.