NHE1生物学功能的研究进展

Research Progress on Biological Function of NHE1

钠氢交换蛋白1(NHE1)是哺乳动物细胞中广泛表达的整合膜蛋白,主要通过交换细胞内的H^(+)与细胞外的Na^(+)进行电中性交换去除质子,调节细胞内的pH。在已知的10种亚型中,NHE1是表达最广泛的亚型,它定位于质膜,参与很多生理过程,如细胞内pH(pHi)、细胞体积稳态和维持细胞骨架结构,并且对细胞生长、增殖、分化、细胞迁移和凋亡等发挥关键作用。Na^(+)/H^(+)交换器NHE1和HCO_(3)^(-)/Cl^(-)交换器AE2偶联作用,共同调节哺乳动物细胞体积减少。在医学方面,对NHE1的研究主要是在癌症、肿瘤细胞、人的心肌梗死及心血管疾病中的调控作用。本文对NHE1调节细胞内pH、细胞体积及细胞骨架组装的分子机制和卵母细胞减数分裂过程相关研究进行综述,以期为NHE1蛋白相关调控机制研究奠定基础。

The mammalian NHE(Na^(+)/H^(+) exchanger)is a ubiquitously expressed integral membrane protein that regulates intracellular pH to remove a proton by exchanging the extracellular sodium ion.In the ten known isoforms of the mammalian NHEs,the first isoform discovered(NHE1).Is the most thoroughly characterized.It is located in the plasma membrane and NHE1 is involved in numerous physiological processes in mammals,including regulation of intracellular p H,cell-volume control,cytoskeletal organization,and it plays a key role in cell proliferation,cell proliferation,differentiation,migration and apoptosis.In mammalian with cells,preimplantation embryos can utilize coupled Na^(+)/H^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-)/Cl^(-)exchangers for acute cell volume regulation and reduction in cell volume.In medicine,the research on NHE1 mainly focuses on its regulatory role in cancer,tumor cells,human myocardial infarction and cardiovascular diseases.On the basis of some studies,the molecular mechanisms of NHE1 regulation of intracellular pH,cell volume and cytoskeleton assembly and related studies on meiosis of oocytes are reviewed,which would lay a foundation for understanding the related regulatory mechanism of NHE1 protein.