资源枯竭型城市扶持政策、制造业升级与区域协调发展

Supportive Policy for Resource-exhausted Cities, the Manufacturing Upgrading and the Coordinated Regional Development

制造业发展水平不足是造成资源枯竭地区经济落后于其他地区的重要因素,如何通过扶持政策实现制造业转型,扶持政策对促进区域经济协调发展起到多大贡献,尚未引起学术界广泛关注。本文基于资源枯竭型城市扶持政策构造准自然实验,运用交错型双重差分法研究扶持政策对当地制造业升级的影响及作用机制,并对交错型双重差分法的处理效应异质性进行充分讨论,同时阐述了扶持政策对于缩小区域间制造业和经济发展差距的贡献度。本文研究发现:资源枯竭型城市扶持政策的实施对提升入选地区的制造业复杂度有显著作用。机制分析表明,扶持政策在宏观层面通过产出调整促进制造业升级,在微观层面通过降低高技术企业税收负担、提高企业利润率、激发企业生产和研发积极性,促进制造业转型。异质性分析显示,政策效果在非集中供暖地区和非森工城市更明显,非国有企业享受到的政策红利更多。进一步分析发现,资源枯竭城市扶持政策在缩小制造业发展差距上的贡献为1.12%,在缩小经济发展差距上的贡献为0.56%。本文的结论为促进资源枯竭型城市转型和区域协调发展提供了经验证据,丰富了资源枯竭型城市扶持政策效果的研究。

China’s regional economic development is showing a clear trend of differentiation. While developed areas have embarked on a high-quality development track,the resource-exhausted cities are facing insufficient development vitality. Promoting the transformation of resource-exhausted cities is an important part of realizing the coordinated development in China. How to help resource-exhausted cities achieve industrial transformation plays a significant role in transforming the mode of economic development and achieving China’s high-quality economic development and coordinated regional development. However,how to realize the transformation of the manufacturing industry through supportive policies and how much the supportive policies contribute to narrowing the development gap between regions have not caused widespread concern of the academic community.Based on Chinese industrial enterprises database and other socioeconomic data from 2004 to 2013,this paper employs staggered difference-in-differences method to discuss the impact of the supportive policy for resource-exhausted cities on manufacturing upgrading,as well as the contribution of the policy to narrowing regional gap. This paper studies the macro channel and micro mechanism of policy effect. It is found that the complexity level of manufacturing industry in resource-exhausted cities has significantly increased. Mechanism tests show that the policy is helpful to reduce the tax burden of high-tech enterprises,increase the profit rate of enterprises,encourage the active participation of enterprises in production and R&D activities,enhance the input of production factors and achieve output adjustment.The policy effect is more obvious in areas with less environmental pressure and non-forest areas,and non-state-owned enterprises enjoy more supports. The effect on manufacturing upgrading contributes 1.12% to narrowing the gap in manufacturing and 0.56% to narrowing the gap in economic development.According to research conclusions,this paper provide the following policy implications. During the process of manufacturing upgrading,policies should be formulated to guide the allocation of production factors rationally so as to remove obstacles to the flow of resources and promote the agglomeration of high-tech industries in resource-exhausted areas. Labor-intensive industries should be promoted to guarantee people’s livelihood. Special policies should be given to regions with special circumstances in order to help them realize the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry through precise policy implementation. Policies should be made to help non-state-owned enterprises relieve their difficulties,thus promoting the common development of enterprises under all forms of ownership. Preferential policies should be implemented to reduce the burden on enterprises,thus realizing the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry by stimulating the vitality of enterprises. This paper enriches existing research on the effect of supportive policies for resource-exhausted cities,and provides policy reference and empirical evidence for promoting the transformation of resource-exhausted cities and the coordinated regional development.