历史同源与类型竞合:职业本科与应用型本科关系的厘清与重塑

Historical Homology and Co-opetition Types:Clarifying and Reshaping the Relationship between Tertiary-level Vocational Education and Application-oriented Undergraduate Education

职业教育在从“层次”向“类型”转变的过程中,会遭遇“合法性危机”,其本质是“认同危机”,主要体现在“谁来举办职业本科”的问题上。虽然高职学校和应用型高校历史同源,但在高等教育大众化进程中,却因举办教育的不同而渐行渐远。职业本科在建立现代职业教育体系的过程中诞生,与应用型本科形成“同层不同类”的双轨。随着职业本科在法律上的确立,其与应用型本科有望重塑竞合关系。两者竞合关系的前提在于体现它们之间的“等值性”,这就要求尽快建立和完善相应的学位制度、评估体系和质量标准。职业本科与应用型本科的螺旋式竞合发展,最终将有助于实现普职融通。

In the process of transforming from “level” to “type”, vocational education will encounter a“legitimacy crisis”, the essence of which is the “identity crisis”, mainly reflected in the question of “who should organize tertiary-level vocational education”. Although higher education colleges and application-oriented institutions had historical homogeneity, the education held by each of them had drifted apart during the massification process of higher education. Tertiary-level vocational education was born in the process of establishing a modern vocational education system, forming a dual track with application-oriented undergraduate education, which are “the same tier but different categories”. With the establishment of the legal status of tertiary-level vocational education, the premise of reshaping the co-opetition relationship between them is to reflect the “equivalence”. It is necessary to establish and improve the corresponding degree awarding system, evaluation system and quality standard as soon as possible. The spiral development of tertiary-level vocational education and application-oriented undergraduate education will eventually help to realize the “integration of general education and vocational education”.