高等教育政策何以遭遇执行阻滞?——基于“激励-冲突”框架的类型分析

How Does the Implementation Block of Higher Education Policy Occur?——Type Analysis Based on the “Incentive-conflict” Framework

高等教育的政策执行是为实现高等教育高质量发展而采取的行动,行动过程中的阻滞现象构成政策失灵的现实表征。基于“激励-冲突”的制度分析框架,可以将高等教育政策划分为规制型政策、倡导型政策、鼓励型政策和长期型政策四种类型,激励和冲突要素的强弱组合形塑上述政策类型,在执行过程中蕴含上下博弈、左右伪动、自主选择和动态调适的行动策略,造成政策执行的阻滞观感。对阻滞现象的类型分析,彰显出高等教育政策执行的跨界性和系统性特征,为揭示问题的关键症结,实现精准施策提供了新线索。针对上述四种政策执行类型,可以分别从完善政策激励的内容设计、优化政策执行的外部环境、采取分类管理的执行策略以及秉持动态调适的行动逻辑几个方向进行优化。

The policy implementation of higher education is an action taken to achieve high-quality development of higher education. The blocking phenomenon in the action process constitutes a realistic representation of policy failure. Based on the institutional analysis framework of “ incentive-conflict”,higher education policies can be divided into four types: regulatory policy, advocacy policy, encouraging policy and long-term policy. The combination of incentive and conflict elements shapes the above policy types. In the implementation process, there are action strategies of up-down game, left-right union,independent choice and dynamic adjustment, resulting in a sense of obstruction in policy implementation.The analysis of the types of blocked phenomenon reveals the inter-regional and systematic characteristics of higher education policy implementation, and provides a new clue for revealing the key crux of the problem and achieving precise measurement. For the above four types, they can be respectively optimized by improving the content design of policy incentives, optimizing the external environment of policy implementation, adopting the implementation strategy of classified management and adhering to the action logic of dynamic adjustment.