高技术产品贸易网络对全球价值链升级的影响研究

Research on the Impact of High-Tech Products Trade Network on the Upgrading of Global Value Chain

为清晰刻画高技术产品在全球价值链中的贸易网络格局,探索全球价值链升级的中国路径,本文通过社会网络分析方法,利用2001—2018年全球90个国家和地区高技术产品的双边贸易数据,研究高技术产品贸易网络特征的总体布局以及各国在该网络中的贸易特征,并通过对高技术产品整体的回归估计,全面探讨了高技术产品贸易网络对全球价值链升级的影响机制。结果显示:全球价值链中高技术产品贸易仍旧是以少数发达国家为核心,大多数国家依旧处于高技术产品贸易网络的边缘以及半边缘地带。网络联系强度和网络结构洞限制度可以明显促进高技术产品全球价值链地位的攀升,网络中心性的促进作用稍弱。中国虽然在高技术产品贸易额上处于前列,但在贸易网络中占据的核心资源以及竞争能力仍然有很大的发展空间。本文提出强化国家战略科技力量,延长高技术产品生命周期;把握全球价值链重构机遇,构建中国自主价值链体系;顺应全球资源合理配置,完善中国高技术产品贸易网络等建议。

With the continuous development of economic globalization and the strong promotion of market competition,the global value chain has had an increasingly far-reaching impact on the industrial reform of various countries all over the world.China,as a developing country,relies on the advantage of labor force and is in the low-end position of the global value chain,so it has been subject to developed countries for a long time.Therefore,it is urgent for China to embed into the high end of the global value chain.However,among relevant research on global value chain upgrading,literature from the perspective of high-tech products is still insufficient,and there is a lack of in-depth research on global value chain upgrading from the combination of high-tech products and social network analysis methods.Based on the social network analysis and the bilateral trade data on high-tech products of 90 countries and regions in the world from 2001 to 2018 in UN Comtrade database,this paper studies the overall layout of global high-tech products trade network characteristics and the trade characteristics of each country in the network.Through the regression estimation of high-tech products as a whole,this paper comprehensively discusses the impact of high-tech products trade network on the upgrading of global value chain.Research results show that a few developed countries are the core of high-tech products trade in the global value chain,and most countries are still at the edge and near the edge of high-tech products trade network.Network connection strength and network structural holes constraint can obviously affect the rise of global value chain status of high-tech products,and the effect of network centrality is slightly weak.Although China is in the forefront in the trade volume of high-tech products,there is still great development room for its core resources and competitiveness in the trade network.This paper expands existing literature in the following two aspects.First,it discusses the application of the theory of global value chain upgrading in high-tech industry,and selects the division position of global value chain in terms of high-tech industry.This can help to study the development status of high-tech products more concretely and pertinently.Second,it adopts the social network analysis,which is different from the traditional multivariate statistical analysis,to describe the trade network of high-tech products from the relationship.Specifically,it studies the trade relationship of high-tech products in various countries,and describes the trade network of high-tech products in various countries from network centrality,network connection strength and network structural holes constraint.This paper reveals the influence mechanism of high-tech product trade network on the upgrading of global value chain to a certain extent,which provides practical reference for how to break through the low-end of the locked global value chain.This can help relevant decision-making departments and enterprise organizations formulate the strategic linkage of reform and innovation and explore the China path to achieving the upgrading of global value chain,thus realizing the reform transition driven by economic integration.