复杂情境与韧性建构:Na-tech风险治理的国际经验与启示

Complex Context and Resilience Building: International Experience and Enlightenment on Na-tech Risk Governance

为提升我国综合风险治理能力,立足综合风险治理的理论视角,以韧性建构的适应、处置和参与为框架,梳理国外Na-tech风险治理的情境与制度,并探索Na-tech风险治理的国际经验以及对我国应急管理的启示。结果显示:Na-tech风险具有风险复杂性、科学不确定性和社会政治模糊性的特点;基于系统评估与技术赋能的适应力,兼具工程与非工程措施的处置力,社区、国家、跨国3级联动的参与力形塑了面向Na-tech风险治理的韧性。并提出对我国应急管理的启示:应以综合风险的系统评估为基础,强调适应的专业与科学;以综合风险的协调、协同为支撑,强调处置的灵活与冗余;以政府、市场、社会的整合为保障,强调参与的有效与广泛。

In order to improve China’s comprehensive risk governance ability, in this paper, based on the theory view of comprehensive risk governance, the contexts and institution of Na-tech risk governance in foreign countries were combed regarding the adaption, disposal and participation of the resilience building as the framework, and the international experience of Na-tech risk governance and its enlightenment to China’s emergence management were explored. The results show that Na-tech risk has characteristics such as risk complexity, scientific uncertainty, and social and political ambiguity;and that the resilience of Na-tech risk governance is shaped by the system assessment and technology empowerment, both engineering and non-engineering measures, and the participation of community, national and transnational linkage. The enlightenment to China’s emergence management was proposed, namely, China needs to emphasize the specialty and science of the adaptation based on the systematic evaluation of the comprehensive risk, improve the flexibility and redundancy of the disposal supported by the coordination of comprehensive risks, and guarantee the effective and extensive participation of government, market and society.