民法典体系下专利惩罚性赔偿制度的构建路径——基于246件专利侵权案件的实证分析

The Construction Path of Patent Punitive Damages System under the System of Civil Code——An Empirical Analysis Based on 246 Patent Infringement Cases

《民法典》和专利法修正案确立了专利惩罚性赔偿制度,但如何使两者更加协调,进而构建专利惩罚性赔偿的具体规则,仍需继续研究。通过实证分析,目前的专利侵权赔偿存在赔偿数额低于权利人期望值、法定赔偿泛滥、惩罚性赔偿适用门槛过高、赔偿数额幅度较大等问题。惩罚性赔偿在本质上属于一种对侵权行为严重错误性的评价、表达机制,在向公众表达对侵权行为严重错误性的谴责与愤慨,起到震慑、警示、矫正、预防的作用。应允许法院以估算的权利人损失和侵权人获利作为惩罚性赔偿的计算基数,进而解决专利惩罚法性赔偿适用门槛过高的问题。应将惩罚性赔偿的适用条件具体化,建立正负清单制度。

The Civil Code and the amendment of the Patent Law have established the system of patent punitive damages,but how to make the two more coordinated and then build the specific rules of patent punitive damages still need to be studied.Through empirical analysis,the current patent infringement compensation has problems such as the amount of compensation is lower than the expected value of the right holder,the proliferation of statutory compensation,the application threshold of punitive damages is too high,and the amplitude of compensation is relatively large.Punitive damages are essentially a mechanism for evaluating and expressing the serious wrongness of torts,expressing condemnation and indignation to the public for the serious wrongness of torts,and playing the role of deterrence,warning,correction and prevention.The court should be allowed to use the estimated loss of the right holder and the profit of the infringer as the calculation base of punitive damages,so as to solve the problem that the threshold for the application of patent punitive legal damages is too high.The applicable conditions of punitive damages should be specified,and a positive and negative list system should be established.