空间性与场所意识:再论罗伯特·塔利的空间批评

Spatiality and Topophrenia:On Robert Tally’s Spatial Criticism

罗伯特·塔利作为当代空间批评的一位领军人物,其批评涵盖了从地理批评到文学地图学再到空间性和场所意识一系列领域。塔利倾向于以地图绘制为比喻展开文学的空间批评,并认同詹姆逊后现代空间性替代时间性而占据主导地位的说法。塔利本人的空间批评主要关注小说,尤其是传统的经典作品。他的“场所意识”概括主体与环境的互动,成为一个包罗万象的空间批评概念,涵盖了地方、空间、个人、集体、事件之间等错综复杂的关系。塔利对金坦那诗歌的分析,以及认同弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫反对小说地名作真实地理解,都可作如是观。狄更斯真实与想象互为一体的空间表征,如是观之,亦可作为塔利本人“场所意识”的演绎。

As a leading figure of contemporary spatial criticism,Robert Talley’s critical practice covers a long series from geo-criticism to literary cartography,and then to spatiality and topophrenia(place-mindedness).Talley tends to use cartography as a metaphor in responding F.Jameson’s view that postmodern era is dominanted by space instead of time.Tally’s own literary criticism mainly focuses on novels,especially traditional classical works.His“topophrenia”indicates an interaction between the subject and the environment,and becomes an all encompassing concept of spatial criticism,including a complex relationship among place,space,individual,collective and event.Tally’s own analysis of Chin-Tanner’s poem,and his identification with Virginia Woolf’s opposition to take literary places as real ones,are but two of such cases.Dickens’integrative representation of real and imaginative places,so to speak,is also a well deduction of Tally’s“topophrenia”.