生物炭与不同生物型肥料配施对烟田土壤特性和烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Different Bio-fertilizer Combined with Biochar on Soil Physiochemical Properties of Tobacco Field,and Yield and Quality of Tobacco

【目的】探明生物炭与不同生物型肥料配施对烟株生长、烟叶产质量和土壤微环境的影响,为烟田的肥料配施技术推广提供科学依据。【方法】设置6个施肥处理:单施生物炭(T_(1))、生物炭+饼肥(T_(2))、生物炭+羊粪(T_(3))、生物炭+有机肥(T_(4))、生物炭+豆浆(T_(5))和生物炭+菌肥(T_(6)),研究不同施肥处理对烤烟农艺性状和经济性状、土壤理化性质及微生物多样性的影响。【结果】与单施生物炭相比,生物炭与不同肥料配施均不同程度促进烟株生长,有效提高烟株株高、有效叶数和最大叶面积等指标。烟株最大叶面积、土壤速效钾含量、细菌/真菌、放线菌/真菌与烟叶经济产值关系最为紧密;速效钾是影响烟叶经济产值的最主要正向因素,呈极显著正相关。以施用生物炭+有机肥的烤烟农艺性状最佳,产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比例等经济性状最好,明显提高烟田土壤的有机质、溶解性有机碳、速效磷、速效钾含量和微生物数量,有效改善土壤理化性质和微生物群落比。【结论】黄淮烟区生物炭与不同生物型肥料配施的最佳组合为生物炭+有机肥。

【Objective】The effects of different bio-fertilizer combined with biochar on growth,yield and quality of tobacco and soil microenvironment are explored to provide the scientific basis for extension of fertilizer combined application technology in tobacco production.【Method】The effects of 6 treatments(T_(1),only biochar;T_(2),biochar+cake fertilizer;T_(3),biochar+goat manure;T_(4),biochar+organic fertilizer;T_(5),biochar+soybean milk and T_(6),biochar+bacterial manure)on flue-cared tobacco agronomic and economic traits,soil physical and chemical properties and microbial diversity are studied.【Result】Compared with T_(1),the biochar combined with other fertilizers treatments all can promote growth of tobacco plants to varying extent and increase height,effective leaf number and maximum leaf area of tobacco plants effectively.The maximum leaf area,soil available potassium,B/F and A/F are closely related to economic output value.The soil available potassium is positively related to economic output value of tobacco very significantly.The biochar+organic manure application pattern can obtain the best agronomic traits of tobacco plants,and highest tobacco yield,output value,average price and proportion of middle and superior tobacco,obviously increase soil organic matter,dissolved organic carbon,available phosphorus,available potassium content and microbial quantity,and effectively improve soil physiochemical properties and microbial community ratio.【Conclusion】The optimum combination of biochar+different bio-fertilizer is the biochar combined with organic manure in tobacco production in Huang-Huai region.