黑龙江典型烟区土壤肥力指标适宜性评价

Suitability Evaluation on Soil Fertility Indexes of Typical Tobacco Areas in Heilongjiang

【目的】探明黑龙江典型烟区土壤指标状况,评价其对优质烤烟生长的适宜程度,为不同烟区制定适宜的施肥和管理策略提供科学依据。【方法】以宾县、东宁等5个地区的17个典型烟区土壤为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,测定pH、OM、TN、AN、AP、RAK、交换性钙(Ca^(2+))、镁(Mg^(2+))、水溶性氯(Cl^(-))、有效硼(B)、有效钼(Mo)和有效锌(Zn)12个土壤指标并进行适宜性评价。【结果】黑龙江典型植烟区土壤pH、OM、TN、AN、B、Mo和Zn含量均值分别为5.86、25.93 g/kg、1.27 g/kg、156.52 mg/kg、0.37 mg/kg、0.17 mg/kg、1.21 mg/kg;AP、RAK、Ca^(2+)Mg^(2+)和Cl^(-)分别为44.28 mg/kg、256.48 mg/kg、14.72 cmol/kg、4.02 cmol/kg和为9.10 mg/kg。指标变异系数为10.20%-49.40%,均值为30.54%,属中等变异。【结论】黑龙江典型植烟区土壤肥力指标可分为低水平、适宜水平和高水平3个等级,可根据实际情况制定适宜的施肥措施;所有烟区土壤Mg^(2+)均处于高水平,应停止施用镁肥。

【Objective】To prove the soil index status of typical tobacco fields in Heilongjiang,evaluate its suitability for the growth of high-quality flue-cured tobacco,and provide scientific guidance for formulating appropriate fertilization and management strategies in different tobacco areas.【Method】The soils of 17 typical tobacco fields in 5 areas were taken as the research objects,and the pH,OM,TN,AN,AP,RAK,exchangeable calcium(Ca^(2+)),magnesium(Mg^(2+)),water soluble chlorine(Cl^(-)),available boron(B),molybdenum(Mo)and zinc(Zn)were determined by combining field investigation and indoor analysis,and the suitability was evaluated.【Results】The mean values of soil pH,OM,TN,AN,B,Mo and Zn were 5.86,25.93 g/kg,1.27 g/kg,156.52 mg/kg,0.37 mg/kg,0.17 mg/kg and 1.21 mg/kg,respectively;AP,RAK,Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)were 44.28 mg/kg,256.48 mg/kg,14.72 cmol/kg,4.02 cmol/kg,respectively;Cl^(-)was 9.10 mg/kg.The variation range of each index was 10.20%-49.40%,and the mean value was 30.54%,which belong to medium variation.【Conclusion】The soil fertility index of typical tobacco planting areas in Heilongjiang can be divided into three grades:low level,suitable level and high level.Suitable fertilization measures can be formulated according to the actual situation in typical tobaccogrowing areas in Heilongjiang.All the fields should stop the use of Mg fertilizer for Mg^(2+)in soil all stay at high level.