水肥耦合对草莓生长发育与产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Fertigation Coupling on Growing Development,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Strawberry

【目的】探明立体栽培水肥管理措施对草莓产量与品质的影响,为立体草莓栽培高效生产提供依据。【方法】以A型3层槽装填无土栽培基质(V_(草炭)∶V_(蛭石)∶V_(无机盐)=1∶2∶1)为栽培体系,以草莓品种红颜为试验对象,以2个灌溉水平(W_(1)30%、W_(2)70%)和3个水溶肥浓度(F_(1)0.05%、F_(2)0.1%、F_(3)0.2%)组成6个水肥组合处理,以(清水,基质水分含量100%)为CK,分析不同处理水肥供给对草莓叶绿素、光呼吸效率、产量及水肥利用率的影响。【结果】W_(1)的3个肥料浓度梯度的叶绿素含量和光合效率较W_(2)小;花枝数和花朵数较W_(2)高。W_(1)F_(3)处理的水肥利用效率和单位面积产量表现最佳,分别达15.1 kg/m^(3)和69890 kg/hm^(2)。产量与叶绿素、花朵数、花枝数及水分利用率呈极显著正相关,与净光合速率呈显著正相关。【结论】草莓不同生长阶段水肥需求不同,低水(30%)高肥(0.2%)水平有利于草莓植株生长发育和提高产量。

【Objective】The effects of stereoscopic cultivation fertigation measure on yield and quality of strawberry are discussed to provide the scientific basis for high-efficiency production of strawberry in the three-dimensional cultivation system.【Method】The effects of six water and fertilizer combinations[two irrigation levels(W_(1)=30%and W_(2)=70%)and three water soluble fertilizer concentrations(F_(1)=0.05%,F_(2)=0.1%and F_(3)=0.2%)]on leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,yield and water use efficiency of Hongyan strawberry variety are studied by taking the clear water and 100%substrate water content treatment as CK based on the"A"type three-layer trough filled with soil-less cultivation substrates(V_(Peat)∶V_(Vermiculite)∶V_(Inorganic salt)=1∶2∶1).【Result】The leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of W_(1)F_(1),W_(1)F_(2)and W_(1)F_(3)treatments are lower than W_(2)F_(1),W_(2)F_(2)and W_(2)F_(3)treatments but their flowering branch number and flower number are higher than W_(2)F_(1),W_(2)F_(2)and W_(2)F_(3)treatments respectively.The water and fertilizer use efficiency and per unit area yield of the W_(1)F_(3)treatment reach up to 15.1 kg/m^(3)and 69890 kg/hm^(2)respectively.The strawberry yield is positively related to leaf chlorophyll content,flower number,flowering branches and water use efficiency very significantly and net photosynthetic rate significantly.【Conclusion】The strawberry needs different water and fertilizer levels at different growth stages.The condition of low water(30%)and high fertilizer(0.2%)level is beneficial to promote growing development of strawberry plants and increase strawberry yield effectively.