在性别和文体之间:世纪之交的弹词文本

Between Gender and Genre:Tanci Texts at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

弹词这一文体近年来受到越来越多的学术关注。当前的弹词研究主要集中在中国帝制晚期女性创作的长篇弹词小说上,当时的士绅淑女通过创作弹词,反思自己的经历、思想和感受,使得弹词获得了蓬勃发展。进入20世纪,女性创作的弹词小说逐渐被男性文人或知识分子创作的弹词所取代。本文将弹词视为一种包容性的、不断发展的文体,并将我们的注意力引向更广泛的文本,从而拓展研究范围,探索现代社会对弹词体裁的改良、变革与城市化。笔者考察了三类弹词作家及其文本:19世纪中叶以前的弹词作家,尤其是士绅淑女;倡导强烈民族主义和主题的晚清弹词作家;以及20世纪20年代和30年代推动弹词进一步商业化的弹词作家。通过对以下三个问题的综合回答,本文探讨了文学体裁与性别关系相互作用的复杂性:谁是弹词作家?民国时期的新生代弹词作家是如何丰富这一体裁?这种老式的文体流派又如何与新兴资本主义一起重新塑造性别规范?

The genre of tanci弹词has received increasing scholarly attention in recent years.Current research on tanci primarily focuses on full-length women-authored tanci fiction in late imperial China,when pre-modern gentry women thrived through composing tanci and reflected on their own experiences,thoughts,and feelings.Entering the twentieth century,women-authored tanci fiction gradually gave way to tanci written by male literati or intellectuals.By considering tanci as an inclusive and continuously evolving genre and directing our attention to a broader set of texts,this paper extends the research scope to explore the efforts to reform,revolutionize,and urbanize the genre in the modern era.This paper examines three groups of tanci writers and their texts:tanci writers before the mid-nineteenth century,particularly gentry women;late Qing tanci writers who advocated a strong nationalist theme;and tanci writers in the 1920s and 1930s whose works further commercialized the genre.This paper investigates the complexities of the interactions between literary genres and gender relations in particular by answering the following three integrated questions:Who were tanci writers?How did tanci writers of the new generation enrich the genre in the Republican period?And how did this old-fashioned genre help to(re)shape gender norms together with the emergence of capitalism?