从“核查什么”到“谁来核查”:事实核查的边界协商及其规范性愿景

Fact-Checking:What to check,and who is to check?On the Boundary and Normative Ideal of Fact-Checking

近年来,事实核查这一新型新闻样式正得到新闻从业者社群内外的共同青睐。从“核查什么”到“谁来核查”,事实核查的行动者日益多元。本文由此指出事实核查当前面临的边界协商,并认为其核心问题是数字化新闻变迁中的元新闻话语重塑。参与式事实核查的规范性愿景在于确立新闻活动的认知权威,使核查发掘的事实性信息和抵近的真相构成公众共同的社会知识,奠定开展公共讨论、塑造共识、影响公共政策的基础。

As an emerging news genre,fact-checking has gained traction within and outside of journalism in recent years.With increasingly diversified actors in factchecking,scholarly concern has been expanded from“what to check”to“who is to check”.We argue that in negotiating the boundary of fact-checking,the focal issue is to reinvent the metajournalistic discourse in the changing landscape of digital journalism.The normative ideal of participatory fact-checking is to consolidate the epistemic authority of journalism,so that the factual information and approximations of truth uncovered by fact-checking will constitute the common social knowledge,and thus lay the foundation for public discussion,consensus formation,and policy formulation.