从缺陷到差异:方言儿童语言发展评价的国际转向

From Defect to Difference:the International Perspective Shift of the Language Evaluation of Children Speaking Non-standard Dialects

对儿童语言发展情况进行评价是及时识别儿童是否存在语言发展障碍的有效手段。由于语言并不孤立存在,而是与儿童的生活环境及其所属的群体文化密切相关,把适用于普通儿童的语言发展评价标准与方法不加修订地用于方言儿童,就有可能出现过度诊断或诊断不足等问题,不利于确定和发现方言儿童语言发展的真实水平。国际上关于方言儿童语言发展评价的研究由此提出了从关注语言缺陷到关注语言差异的视角转向,开始加强对方言儿童语言典型模式的研究及规范数据的收集,同时调整评估项目和标准,探索了很多新的评估方法,提高了语言评价工具对方言儿童的适用性。这启发我们应正确看待方言和儿童语言发展的关系,以方言儿童语言发展的临床标志特征为基础,仔细区分和解释其语言变异的来源,采取多种评价方法真实地评估方言儿童的语言发展水平。

This paper reviewed the main aspects of international researches on language evaluation of children who speak non-standard dialects in recent years,and showed that there’s a clear perspective shift from language defect to dialectal difference,as well as adjustment of language evaluation criteria and methods.To children who speak dialects in China,we should also pay attention to the effects of their dialects and improve the assessment on their language development.