脑卒中吸烟患者尼古丁依赖现状及影响因素分析

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Nicotine Dependence in Smoking Stroke Patients

目的调查脑卒中吸烟患者的尼古丁依赖现状,明确脑卒中吸烟患者尼古丁依赖的相关因素。方法选取2020年12月—2021年3月在天津市脑系专科医院的神经科入住的207例脑卒中患者进行问卷调查,使用一般资料调查表、吸烟情况调查表、尼古丁依赖评估量表和拒烟自我效能量表进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析脑卒中吸烟患者尼古丁依赖的相关因素。结果脑卒中吸烟患者尼古丁依赖总体得分为(4.90±2.40)分。不同年龄、文化程度、家庭月收、平均每日吸烟量、吸烟年数、吸烟态度、家庭吸烟规定、工作吸烟规定、每周接触二手烟的时长、有无戒烟意愿和拒烟自我效能总分的脑卒中患者尼古丁依赖差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,平均每日吸烟量、家庭吸烟规定、每周接触二手烟的时长和拒烟自我效能总分是尼古丁依赖的影响因素,可解释尼古丁依赖水平62.9%的变异量。结论神经科脑卒中吸烟患者尼古丁依赖处于中等水平,医护人员对吸烟患者多加关注与劝诫,鼓励患者减少每日吸烟的数量和接触二手烟的时长,同时提高患者的拒烟自我效能水平;家庭内部应加强对吸烟的规定与限制,鼓励家庭成员对其劝阻与监督可降低其对于尼古丁的依赖,从而促使其成功戒烟。

Objective To investigate the current status of nicotine dependence among smoking stroke patients in Tianjin Brain Hospital and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 207 stroke patients admitted to the Neurology Department of Tianjin Brain Hospital from December 2020 to March 2021 were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using general information questionnaire,Smoking Questionnaire,Fagerstorm Test for Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of nicotine dependence in smoking stroke patients.Results The total score of nicotine dependence in smoking stroke patients was 4.90±2.40.Nicotine dependence in smoking stroke patients with different age,education background,family monthly income,average daily amount of smoking,smoking attitude,family smoking regulations,rules on smoking in workplace,hours of secondhand smoke exposure per week,presence of smoking abstinence and self-efficacy score of smoking abstinence showed statistical significance(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that average daily amount of smoking,family smoking regulations,hours of secondhand smoke exposure per week,and the total self-efficacy score of smoking abstinence were the influencing factors of nicotine dependence,explaining 62.9%of the variation in nicotine dependence.Conclusion Nicotine dependence of stroke patients with smoking in neurology department is at moderate level.Medical staff should pay more attention to and advise smoking patients to reduce daily amount of smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke,and improve their self-efficacy in smoking abstinence.The regulation and restriction of smoking should be strengthened in the family,and the dissuasion and supervision from family members can reduce their dependence on nicotine,so as to promote their success in smoking abstinence.