社会运动工会主义的形成和发展——非洲工会的发展历程及其在劳动雇佣管制中的作用

Formation and Evolution of Social Movement Unionism——Based on the History of Trade Unions Development in Africa and Its Role in Labor Employment Regulation

在“一带一路”倡议中,非洲国家不可或缺。非洲国家工会的发展可以分为3个阶段,即殖民时期、独立运动后初期及政治民主化转型时期。非洲工会发展与政治斗争密不可分,这也决定了其社会运动工会主义的“激进”特性。现在非洲工会力量普遍薄弱,一方面是由于经济自由化导致了正式经济中的大量失业和工会成员人数的急剧下降,另一方面是因为许多非洲国家政府对劳动法的改革,在承认工会合法地位的同时又极大限制了工会行动。虽然非洲工会在劳动雇佣管制中的作用有限,但是当发生严重侵犯工人权利的行为时,非洲工会仍然会通过组织工人罢工、静坐等形式来进行反抗。研究建议,对于在非投资的中资企业来说,要更加关注东道国的工会运行情况,充分尊重员工的权利,加强与工会的沟通,提升员工的归属感。

Of the Belt and Road Initiative countries,African countries have an indispensable role to play.The development of trade unions in African countries can be divided into three phases,namely,the colonial period,the early post-independence period,and the period of political democratization and transformation.The Trade union development in Africa is inextricably linked to its political struggle,which also determines the"radical"character of trade unionism in its social movements.The prevailing weakness of trade unions in Africa is,on the one hand,due to the sharp decline in the number of unemployed and trade union members in the formal economy as a result of economic liberalization and,on the other,many African governments have amended their labor laws,which have recognized the legal status of trade unions whilst severely restricting their movement.Although African trade unions have a limited role in labor employment regulation,when serious violations of workers’rights occur,they continue to resist by organizing workers’strikes,sit-ins,etc.For Chinese enterprises which have invested in Africa,the study suggested that more attention be paid to the operation of trade unions in the host country,fully respecting the rights of employees,strengthening communication with trade unions,and enhancing employees’sense of belonging.