新形势下我国制造业就业面临的重大机遇、主要挑战及对策研究

On Employment Opportunities,Challenges and Solutions in China’s Manufacturing Industry

当前世界面临百年未有之大变局,数字经济发展、逆全球化和区域经济一体化以及新冠肺炎疫情不断加大产业链供应链传导压力。研究认为,在全新发展形势下,制造业就业面临着产业链延伸不断衍生新岗位新职业、传统制造业转型推动劳动者转岗提质以及区域经济合作加强助力提升就业能力的重大机遇;同时,也面临着国际间在智能制造领域竞争更加激烈、关键核心链条技术人才存在较大缺口,以及数字经济过度服务化加大就业风险等主要挑战。为更好适应变化的新形势,研究建议:我国应加强制造业关键核心技术人才供给体系建设,把握区域经济合作机遇,提升制造业领域人才竞争力,强化内外循环全产业链协同,推动人才要素实现有序流动。

The world is currently faced with a major change unprecedented in the century in that the development of digital economy,antiglobalization and regional economic grouping,and the COVID 19 epidemic are increasing the transmission pressure of industrial chains and supply chains.Under the new development situation,the research argues that manufacturing employment is faced with some major opportunities such as the continuous derivation of new jobs across the industrial chain,the transformation of traditional manufacturing industries to promote the transfer of workers and to strengthen regional economic cooperation to help improve employment capacity;at the same time,it is also faced with the main challenges such as the intensifi cation of international competition in the fi eld of intelligent manufacturing,the existence of a large gap in key core chain technical talents,and the increase of employment risks due to the transition of the digital economy.To better adapt to the new situation of change,it is suggested in the research that China should reinforce the construction of the supply system of key core technology talents in the manufacturing industry,seize the opportunities of regional economic cooperation,enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of employment in the manufacturing industry,strengthen the coordination of the internal and external circulations of the entire industrial chain,and promote the realization of the orderly fl ow of talent elements.