从“中心化”到“非中心化”:劳动领域收入分配制度改革的新思路

From"Centralization"to"Decentralization":New Ideas for Reform on Income Distribution System in Labor Field

自21世纪以来,我国收入分配制度改革经历了从“中心化”向“非中心化”的发展与革新。2015年以前,各地收入分配制度改革的相关举措具有对象上以劳动关系为中心、路径上依赖政府之手与非市场性手段的特点。此种“中心化”的制度安排难以妥善处理短期成效与长期可持续性、工资普惠性与激励性、部分群体受益与更弱势群体相对受损之间的辩证关系,存在将矛盾转移至政府的潜在风险。研究认为,在收入分配制度改革“非中心化”的设计中,需兼顾活力、耐力与定力。一方面,在共创、共享、共治原则下找准市场、政府与劳资双方的定位;另一方面,盘活劳动力横向与纵向流动性,在落实机会平等的基础上完善按劳分配。

Since the 21st century,the reform of China’s income distribution system has undergone development and innovation from"centralization"to"decentralization".Before 2015,the relevant measures for the reform of the income distribution system in different regions exhibited characteristics of centering on labor relations and relying on government aids and non-market means in the path.Such“centralized”institutional arrangements encountered diffi culty in properly addressing the dialectical relationship between short-term results and long-term sustainability,wage inclusion and incentives,and the relative impairment of benefi ts to some groups and more vulnerable groups,and there is a potential risk of shifting contradictions to the government.The study argues that,in the design of the"decentralization"of the reform of the income distribution system,it is necessary to take into account vitality,endurance,and fi nitude.On the one hand,on the basis of the principles of co-creation,sharing and co-governance,the market and the positioning of the government and labor and management should be determined;On the other hand,the horizontal and vertical mobility of the labor force should be activated,whilst the distribution of labor should be improved on the basis of the implementation of equal opportunities.