日本新一轮教职课程改革特点及趋势

The Characteristics and Trend of the New Round Teacher Training Curriculum Reform in Japan

在日本,教职课程是培养教师人才的核心载体。为了克服大学“重学术、轻师范”的培养倾向,顺应教育变革的时代要求,日本持续深化职前教师教育课程改革,并与教师资格制度改革同向而行。日本的教职课程改革历经“师范性”意识觉醒、实践科目导入、能力共识达成和课程标准升级的演变过程,取得了重要进展。伴随2017年《教职核心课程》的颁布,新一轮教职课程改革全面展开。日本通过优化学科类别,设定由“全体目标、一般目标和达成目标”组成的多梯度“三维”课程目标体系,扩充教职内容等构建了服务于基础教育发展的教职核心课程体系。地方教育部门强化统筹协调,与大中小学联手探索项目化实习,通过院系共建促进资源创生,形成了开放式培养和一体化发展的改革趋势。

Teaching curriculum is the core carrier of cultivating teachers’ talents.In order to overcome the training tendency of "emphasizing academic and neglecting pedagogic" and comply with the requirements of educational reform,Japan continues to deepen the curriculum reform of pre-service teacher education and goes in the same direction with the reform of teacher qualification system.The teaching curriculum reform in Japan has gone through the evolution process of pedagogic consciousness awakening,practice subject introduction,ability consensus and curriculum standard upgrading,and has made important progress.With the promulgation of the core curriculum for teaching in 2017,a new round of teacher training curriculum reform is in full swing.By optimizing subject categories,setting "three-dimensional" goals,and expanding teaching content,they have built a core curriculum system for teaching to serve the development of basic education.Local education departments strengthen overall planning and coordination,jointly explore the project-based practice mode with schools,promote resource creation through joint construction of colleges and departments,and form the reform trend of open training and integrated development.