防爆装备对TNT炸药爆炸强噪声的防护性能

Performance of Explosive-proof Equipment in Protecting Against High-level TNT Explosion Sound

爆炸强噪声是炸药爆炸过程中伴随的一种非致命毁伤元素,对人耳听器造成直接损伤危害。在分析爆炸强噪声感知及传播机理基础上,开展不同TNT药量爆炸噪声测试,研究裸爆(FAB)、柔性防爆罐(FEP)和钢制防爆罐(SEP)的爆炸强噪声声压/声压级传播规律,得到了两种防爆装备相对于裸爆时的爆炸强噪声防护性能。研究结果表明爆炸强噪声具有典型的低频率高声压/声压级特征:距爆心20~40 m,FAB、FEP、SEP峰值声压分别衰减约50%、52%和48%,峰值声压级分别衰减约5.7%、4.7%和4.9%;峰值声压/声压级传播历时Δt_(FAB)=Δt_(SEP)=Δt_(FEP)=0.057 s;FEP削弱峰值声压52%~93.5%,降低峰值声压级4.8%~9.1%,SEP削弱峰值声压24.6%~93%,降低峰值声压级1.4%~6.9%;将人耳损伤划分成4个等级,FAB以Ⅳ级和Ⅲ级损伤为主,FEP以Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级向Ⅱ级过渡两种损伤为主,SEP以Ⅳ级向Ⅲ级损伤过渡、Ⅲ级两种损伤为主。

High-level explosive noise(HLEN)is a non-lethal damage accompanying explosions,which can directly damage one s auditory system.Using the mechanism analysis of the HLEN s awareness and propagation,explosive noise tests with different TNT mass are conducted to study the sound pressure(p_(sp)),sound pressure level(p_(spl)),propagation laws of free air burst(FAB),flexible explosive proof(FEP),and steel explosive proof(SEP).The HLEN protection performances of FEP and SEP are compared with that of FAB.The results show that the HLEN has typical characteristics of low frequency and high p_(sp)&p_(spl).At 20 m to 40 m from the explosion center,the peak p_(sp) attenuations are about 50%,52%,48%,and the peak p_(spl) attenuations are about 5.7%,4.7%,and 4.9%for FAB,FEP and SEP,respectively.The peak p_(sp)/p_(spl) travel time is equal,i.e.,Δt_(FAB)=Δt_(SEP)=Δt_(FEP)=0.057 s.FEP can weaken the peak p_(sp) by 52%to 93.5%and reduce the peak p_(spl) by 4.8%to 9.1%.SEP can decrease the peak p_(sp) by 24.6%to 93%and reduce the peak p_(spl) by 1.4%to 6.9%.Human ear injuries are graded on a scale ofⅠtoⅣ.With FAB,the injury is mainly gradeⅣandⅢ.With FEP,the injury is mainly gradeⅢand gradeⅢ-Ⅱ.With SEP,the injury is mostly gradeⅣ-Ⅲand gradeⅢ.