混杂结构复合材料防弹性能研究

Research on the Ballistic Performance of Hybrid Structural Composites

为探讨不同混杂结构对防弹性能的影响规律,根据芳纶Ⅱ和芳纶Ⅲ纤维力学性能特点,设计制备7种不同混杂比例的复合材料,每种混杂比例有芳纶Ⅲ为迎弹面或背弹面两种铺层顺序。采用1.1 g标准模拟破片、51式7.62 mm铅芯弹等对各种混杂结构的复合材料进行性能测试,研究了铺层顺序、混杂比例等对抗冲击性能和防弹性能等的影响规律。研究结果表明:低速冲击下,随着芳纶Ⅲ复合材料含量的增加,混杂结构复合材料的最大载荷时间逐渐降低,即同一时间内,芳纶Ⅲ可以吸收更多的能量;芳纶Ⅲ复合材料为迎弹面或背弹面,其穿透概率50%的弹道极限速度v_(50)均随着芳纶Ⅲ质量含量的增加而提高,趋势为v_(50)开始提升速度较大,质量含量超过30%时,v_(50)提升速度明显趋缓,芳纶Ⅲ质量含量超过70%,v_(50)提升不明显。当芳纶Ⅲ复合材料位于迎弹面时,混杂结构复合材料v_(50)较高,这一现象在芳纶Ⅲ复合材料质量含量为30%~70%时最为明显,同时,芳纶Ⅲ复合材料含量的增加有利于减小防弹头盔弹击后的变形量。

In order to explore the influence of different hybrid structures on ballistic performance,according to the mechanical properties of aramidⅡand aramidⅢfibers,7 kinds of composite materials with different hybrid ratios were designed and prepared,and each hybrid ratio had two layering sequences,i.e.aramidⅢas a bullet-facing surface or a back surface.1.1 g standard stimulating fragments and 51-type 7.62 mm lead-cored bullets were used to test the performance of composite materials with different hybrid structures,the effects of layup sequence and hybrid ratio,etc.on such as the impact resistance and the ballistic performance were studied.The results show that:under low-speed impact,with the increase of the content of aramidⅢcomposite material,the maximum load time of the composite material of the hybrid structure decreases gradually,indicating that the aramidⅢcan absorb more energy during the same period of time;the aramidⅢcomposite material is a bullet-facing surface or a back surface,and the ballistic limit v_(50) thereof increases with the increase of the aramidⅢcontent,the trend is that the v_(50) at the beginning increase faster,and when the content of aramidⅢexceeds 30wt%,the v_(50) increases significantly slower.When the content of aramidⅢexceeds 70wt%,the v_(50) does not increase significantly.When the aramidⅢcomposite material is located on the bullet-facing surface,the v_(50) of the composite material of the hybrid structure is higher,and this phenomenon is most obvious when the content of the aramidⅢcomposite material is 30wt%to 70wt%.Meanwhile,the increase in the content of the aramidⅢcomposite material is beneficial to reduce the deformation of the bulletproof helmet after being shot.