枪弹动态挤进阻力理论与实验研究

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Projectile Dynamic Engraving Resistance

枪弹挤进过程具有非线性、瞬时性等特征,对枪管寿命和射击精度有着重要的影响。为揭示弹-枪相互作用机理,通过理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法,开展枪弹动态挤进阻力模型研究。采用显式动力学有限元方法,借助Abaqus软件模拟枪弹动态挤进过程。利用多参数同步测量技术进行动态挤进实验,验证数值模拟的有效性。基于完全非弹性碰撞假设,考虑弹头材料静态强度、动态变形力和高速运动下摩擦力的作用,结合弹头运动、弹-枪结构参数,构建动态挤进阻力模型,分析影响挤进阻力的关键因素,并与数值模拟进行对比。结果表明,动态挤进阻力先增大后减小,在弹头圆柱部完全嵌入坡膛时达到最大值,弹头挤进速度和挤进过程中的体积变化率为影响动态挤进阻力的关键因素,该模型理论值与数值模拟结果一致性较好,能准确描述弹-枪相互作用过程。研究成果可充实枪弹设计理论,为轻武器系统优化提供理论参考。

The projectile s engraving process is nonlinear and transient,which affects barrel life and shooting accuracy.To reveal the mechanism of projectile/gun interaction,a dynamic engraving resistance model is developed by combining theoretical analysis,experimental study,and numerical simulation.Using explicit dynamic finite element method and Abaqus software,the dynamic engraving process of the projectile is simulated.Using the multi-parameter synchronous measurement technique,dynamic engraving experiments are carried out to verify the validity of numerical simulation.Based on the completely inelastic collision assumption,the dynamic engraving resistance model is established.The model includes the effects of material static strength,dynamic deformation resistance,and high-speed sliding friction,and is connected with projectile movement and structural parameters of the projectile/gun.Besides,results of the established model are compared with numerical simulation results,and the key factors affecting engraving resistance are analyzed.The results show that the dynamic engraving resistance first increases and then decreases.It reaches its maximum at the moment when the projectile s cylindrical part is completely engraved in the chamber throat.In addition,projectile velocity and volume change rate are two key factors that affect engraving resistance.The proposed theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the simulation results,which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical model and provides theoretical foundation for the optimization of light weapon systems and design of barrel structures.