林木蛀干害虫防治技术研究进展

Advances in Control Techniques of Wood Boring Insect Pests

林木蛀干害虫在生活史的大部分时期在树体中营隐蔽性生活,造成严重的经济和生态损失,一直是世界性的难题。总结了林木蛀干害虫的种类、传统防治措施和新型防治技术及其适用场景。物理防治以灯诱和色板引诱技术为主,化学生态防治主要包括信息素和食物源引诱剂为介质的成虫诱杀技术,均可用于林间的低密度害虫种群定期监测以及成虫羽化盛期的交配干扰和诱杀。化学防治包括成虫期喷药、致死诱饵树,幼虫期药剂涂干、注干、蛀道熏蒸以及根部施药等方法,通常在害虫大发生时应用。生物防治包括天敌昆虫、病原微生物和生物杀虫剂的应用等,适用于耐害性强的大面积森林。分子生物技术研发处于初步阶段,共生菌调控防治和RNAi技术具有良好的应用潜力。此外,展望了蛀干害虫防治技术的未来研发方向和重点。

Wood borers are cryptic beneath the bark during most of its life cycle,and cause severe economic and ecological losses.However,the management of wood borers is still a rather tough problem all over the world.Here we summarized species of wood borers,traditional and new-emerging control techniques,as well as application conditions of these control methods.Of these,Physical control and chemical ecological control mainly focus on trapping and killing adults by light traps,sticky cards,and pheromones,food attractants,respectively,which would be used for regular inspection on pest population with low density,and reproductive interference and trap-killing work at the peak emergence of adults.Chemical control includes insecticide spray and lethal trap tree treated with insecticides at adult period,as well as spraying barks of trees,trunk injection,tunnel fumigation,and root application of insecticides during larval stage,which is often used at pest outbreak.Biological control includes release of natural enemies and application of pathogenic microorganisms and biological insecticides,which is suitable for wide-scale forests with high pest tolerance.Molecular techniques are at preliminary stage currently,both regulation of symbiotic fungi and RNA interference techniques exhibit great practice potential.Furthermore,in the present article,research direction and focus of control techniques for wood borers in the future were also proposed.