黄山市生态承载力评价及障碍因素诊断

Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity and Diagnosis of Obstacles in Huangshan City

目的:生态承载力的动态研究对于促进区域可持续发展具有十分重要的意义,研究针对黄山市,利用更全面的方式真实准确地从时间和空间维度上展开生态承载力的变化研究。方法:以黄山市各个区、县为研究对象,从生态压力和弹力来构建指标体系,采用熵权法确定指标权重,并用TOPSIS模型和障碍度模型对黄山市7个区、县的生态承载力进行分析。结果:2010-2019年黄山市区、县复合生态系统生态承载力综合指数总体上呈上升趋势;截至2019年末,黄山市区、县复合生态系统生态承载力水平达到较好的有1个,一般水平和差水平的分别有3个。结论:从障碍度诊断结果来看,总体来说资源系统和经济系统障碍度呈下降趋势,社会系统和环境系统障碍度呈上升趋势;影响黄山市生态承载力的主要障碍因素包括城镇化率、人均耕地面积、公路网密度等;从空间分布格局来看,黄山区、屯溪区和歙县复合生态系统生态承载力水平的最大障碍度为社会系统,徽州区和祁门县为环境系统,休宁县、黟县为经济系统。

Objective:The dynamic study of ecological carrying capacity is of great significance to promote regional sustainable development.Aiming at Huangshan City,this purpose of the study is to use a more comprehensive way to truly and accurately study the change of ecological carrying capacity from the time and space dimensions.Methods:Taking Huangshan City as the research area,we construct an index system from two aspects of ecological pressure and ecological resilience,adopt entropy weight method to determine the weight of each index,and analyze the ecological carrying capacity of 7 districts and counties in Huangshan City with TOPSIS model and obstacle degree model.Results:The comprehensive index of ecological carrying capacity of the composite ecosystem of various districts and counties in Huangshan City from 2010 to 2019 showed an overall upward trend.According to the ecological carrying capacity of the composite ecosystem,1 district and 1 county are at good level,3 counties are normal,poor and 3 counties are poor in Huangshan City at the end of 2019.Conclusion:From the diagnose of obstacles,the obstacles of the resource subsystem and economic subsystem are decreasing,and the obstacles of the social subsystem and environmental subsystem are increasing in general.The main obstacle factors that affect the ecological carrying capacity of Huangshan City include urbanization rate,per capita arable land area,highway network density and so on.From spatial distribution pattern,the biggest obstacle to the ecological carrying capacity of the composite ecosystem in Huangshan District,Tunxi District and Shexian County is the social subsystem,which in Huizhou District and Qimen County is environmental subsystems,and in Xiuning County and Yixian County is economic subsystems.